Ch 1

Question 1

society

Answer 1

A group of people who depend on one another for survival or well-being as well as the relationships among such people, including their status and rolls.

Question 2

culture

Answer 2

The learned behaviours and symbols that allow people to live in groups; the primary means by which humans adapt their environment; the ways of life characteristic of a particular human society.

Question 3

ethnocentrism

Answer 3

Judging other cultures from the perspective of one’s own culture. The notion that one’s own culture is more beautiful, rational, and nearer to perfection than any other.

Question 4

cultural relativism

Answer 4

The notion that cultures should be analysed with reference to their own histories and values rather than according to the values of another culture.

Question 5

holism

Answer 5

In anthropology, an approach that considers culture, history, language, and biology essential to complete understanding of human society.

Question 6

cultural anthropology

Answer 6

The study of human thought, behaviour, and lifeways that are learned rather than genetically transmitted and that are typical of groups of people.

Question 7

ethnoscape

Answer 7

Global distribution of people associated with each other about history, kinship, friendship, and webs of mutual understandings.

Question 8

ethnography

Answer 8

The major research tool of cultural anthropology; includes both fieldwork among people in a society and the written results of such fieldwork.

Question 9

emic

Answer 9

Examining societies using concepts, categories, and distinctions that are meaningful to members of that culture.

Question 10

etic

Answer 10

Examining societies using concepts, categories, and distinctions that are meaningful to members of that culture.

Question 11

ethnology

Answer 11

The attempt to find general principles or laws that govern cultural phenomena.

Question 12

archaeology

Answer 12

The sub-discipline of anthropology that focuses on the reconstruction of past cultures based on their material remains.

Question 13

anthropological linguists

Answer 13

The study of language and its relation to culture.

Question 14

biological anthropology

Answer 14

The sub-discipline of anthropology that studies people from a biological perspective, focusing primarily on aspects of humankind that are generically inherited.

Question 15

human paleontology

Answer 15

The focus within biological anthropology that traces human evolutionary history.

Question 16

primatology

Answer 16

The focus within biological anthropology that is concerned with the biology and behaviour of non-human primates.

Question 17

forensic anthropology

Answer 17

The application of biological anthropology to the identification of skeletalised or badly decomposed human remains.

Question 18

applied anthropology

Answer 18

The application of anthropology to the solution of human problems.