Ch 1 Flashcards
Limbic region includes
Hippocampus Amygdala Hypothalamus Parahippocampal gyrus Cingulate cortex
Hippocampus role
Memory
Amygdala role
Important element of fear circuitry and assigning emotional valence to stimuli
Frontal lobe involved in
Planning Attention Abstract thought Problem solving Judgement Inhibition of impulses
Involved in emotion and memory
Limbic system
part of brain known for its role in motor coordination and learning. Also fir cognitive &affective processes
Cerebellum
Major relay station for sensory information
Thalamus
Part of the brain that plays a critical role in Neuroendocrine regulation
Hypothalamus
Mood, motivation, sexual drive, hunger, temperature, and sleep (brain region)
Hypothalamus
Two classes of cells in the brain
Neurons and glia
Neurotransmitter characteristics
Synthesized within the presynaptic neuron
Released with depolarization from the presynaptic neuron to exert a discrete action on the postsynaptic neuron
They are action on the postsynaptic neuron can be replicated by administering a drug
Neurotransmitter
What are neurotransmitters made up of
Amino acids, biogenic amines, nitrous oxide, larger peptides (opioids &substance P)
Amino acids
Glutamate
GABA
Monoamines
Dopamine Norepinephrine Epinephrine Serotonin Histamine
Small molecule neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine
Peptide neurotransmitters
Opioids Hypothalamic factors (CRH,orexins) Pituitary hormones ((ACTH, TSH, oxytocin,vasopressin) CNS peptides (sub p, etc) Leptin
Rapid a fact Nero transmitter receptor
NMDA
Not essential amino acid neurotransmitter that does not cross the blood brain barrier
Glutamate
Synthesis of glutamate neurotransmitter relies entirely on conversion from its precursors___&___
Glutamine and aspartate
What do NMDA receptor’s and anti-receptors mediate?
They mediate long-term potential in the hippocampus, a process critical for hippocampal dependent memory formation
Large calcium and flex resulting in cell death
Excitotoxicity
Synthesized from glucose, converted via Krebs cycle into a-ketoglutarate then glutamate 
GABA
Neurotransmitter functioning in CNS and peripherally. Also a neuromodulator potentiated in the excitability of other neurotransmitter systems
Histamine
Nero transmitter important role in central and peripheral neurophysiology.
ACH
Precursor of ACh
Choline
Anti-cholinergics medication‘s affect the balance of &. Can improve EPS in pts with movement disorders
Dopamine and ACh
Histamine stimulates
Wakefulness, suppresses appetite, may enhance cognition through its excitatory effects on brain stem and hypothalamic neurons
What brain territory is most likely considered as the major relay station for incoming sensory information
Thalamus
Dry mouth, constipation, urinary hesitancy, poor concentration side effects from binding to what receptors?
Muscarinic cholinergic receptors
