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American > Ch 1 (1,2,4) Ch 2(1,2) - Native Americans to Explorers > Flashcards

Ch 1 (1,2,4) Ch 2(1,2) - Native Americans to Explorers Flashcards

1
Q

why did ppl come to n and s america 50,000 yrs ago

A

follow food source

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2
Q

movement of ppl for purpose of settling in a new place

A

migration

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3
Q

when did the migration into the americas happen

A

most recent ice age (4 total)

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4
Q

earth’s water locked in glaciers
ocean level was lower
exposed a 1000 mi passageway btw continents

A

ice age

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5
Q

ocean floor btw alaska and asia exposed
served as land bridge
how 1st humans migrated into n america from asia

A

beringia

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6
Q

what ancient americans and their descendants are called

A

native americans/ paleo-indians

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7
Q

guatemala, belize, honduras, mexico
broad plazas of temples and pyramids
own writing system, made accurate calendars, indian corn maize became staple food for the world, concept of 0

A

mayas

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8
Q

peru
constructed palaces w high walls, connected towns w system of roads, Cuzco(capital) was a gold center, the richest
built terraces, canals, and acqueducts to irrigate crops, used llamas as pack animals, had an organized govt system

A

incas

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9
Q

mexico - tenochititlan
warlike, architects
gold into jewelry, used dogs as pack animals

A

aztecs

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10
Q

when did the progress of the mayas, incas, and aztecs stop

A

when spanish arrived

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11
Q

north american natives were mainly

A

nomads

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12
Q

northwest coast

A

hunted seals, fished, used plank houses

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13
Q

california

A

gathering, fishing

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14
Q

plateau

A

btw cascade and rocky mtns

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15
Q

great basin

A

btw rockies and sierra nevada, hunting, gathering

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16
Q

southwest

A

developed farming techniques to suit dry environment
farming, gathering
used adobe to make houses

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17
Q

ancient ones

A

anasazi

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18
Q

descendants of anasazi

A

pueblos

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19
Q

code talkers during wwII

A

navajo

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20
Q

great plains

A

breadbasket, hunted buffalo(used all parts), used teepees, some farming

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21
Q

northeast

A

diverse climate
hunting, gathering, farming, fishing
used longhouses
woman chief

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22
Q

prominent group in northeast

A

iroquois

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23
Q

iroquois league

A

formed to promote peace, allies in war, centered in NY, survived 200 yrs
Mohawk, Seneca, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga
1722 joined by Tuscarora

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24
Q

southeast

A

largest: cherokee
farmers, some fishing, lived in longhouses
Mexican

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25
Q

social structure in native americans was determined by

A

family relationships (kinship = clans), matriarchal

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26
Q

medicine man, religious leader

A

shaman

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27
Q

religion of native americans

A

everything had a spirit, very superstitious (bad things happen = you’ve upset the spirits, good things happen = you’ve pleased the spirits), performed many rituals handed down thru the generations

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28
Q

preserved culture by

A

oral tradition/history

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29
Q

trading goods and services

A

barter

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30
Q

sharing =

A

respect

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31
Q

native americans never traded

A

land

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32
Q

europe was invaded by germanic tribes and vikings in the

A

early middle ages (500-1000)

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33
Q

political and economic system created to protect Europeans from outside threats

A

feudalism

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34
Q

basis of feudalism was the

A

manor - land that lords owned, serfs worked them

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35
Q

result of the manors making europe self sufficient

A

trade ties to foreign lands died out during middle ages

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36
Q

growth in european economy during the

A

late middle ages, led to population increase

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37
Q

crusades (1096-1291)

A

4 total
holy wars
christians tried to capture Holy Land (Jerusalem) from the turks

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38
Q

impact of the crusades

A

europeans brought back new ideas and goods (spices, silks, dyes, gems) which led to more trading

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39
Q

marco polo (1271)

A

travelled from venice to the far east

wrote books ab his travels, which make up the silk road

40
Q

europe’s wealth increased the power of the

A

monarchs - they protected trade routes during the Crusades but taxed heavily (either to fund Crusades or just for themselves), implemented feudal system

41
Q

what happened as a result of monarchs abusing their power

A

nobles revolted - made King John sign Magna Carta aka Great Charter in 1215

42
Q

what was the church like at this time

A

monarchies conflicted with it

papal supremacy decreased

43
Q

Black Death

A

Bubonic plague
into Italy in 1300’s from rats and fleas
1/3 of the population died
loss of religious faith

44
Q

reinaissance (1300-1600)

A

rebirth
pursuit of knowledge/learning
brings order and unity into europe

45
Q

what were the roles of the nobles during the renaissance

A

patrons of the arts, especially the Medici family (supported DaVinci)

46
Q

printing press

A

1455 johann gutenberg
before: monks wrote it
communications revolution

47
Q

law before constitution

A

articles of confederation 1781

48
Q

father of the constitution

A

madison

49
Q

bill of rights

A

1st 10 amendments

50
Q

3 branches of usa govt

A

executive (enforce) legislative (make) judicial (interpret)

51
Q

compromise btw big and small states

A

bicameral legislation: house and senate

52
Q

protestant reformation 1517

A

led by Martin Luther, a German monk

followers called Protestants

53
Q

glory/love for king and country

A

nationalism

54
Q

monarchs combined smaller areas into larger

A

nation-states

55
Q

europeans went exploring bc:

A

sea faring technology (henry the navigator)

lure of far east (marco polo)

56
Q

prince henry the navigator 1418

A

caravel, astrolabe, quadrant, compass, and more accurate maps

57
Q

sail against the wind

A

caravel

58
Q

competition on sea was mainly btw

A

portugal(dominated east) and spain(so they dominated the west)

59
Q

christopher colombus

A

from genoa, italy
wanted to go to asia for trade of spices, perfumes, rugs, tea, silk, gems, etc.
called native americans indians
finances from queen isabella and king ferdinand
nina, pinta, santa maria
sailed 4 times, never realized he reached the new land

60
Q

colombus’s voyage

A

august - october, 1492
33 days
first island he named: san salvador (holy savior) explored around the bahamas

61
Q

trade btw old world and new world

A

columbian exchange

62
Q

old - new world trade

A

diseases, coffee, rice, sugar, livestock

63
Q

new - old world trade

A

maize, potatoes, tomatoes, cocoa, tobacco

64
Q

line of demarcation established in 1494 to split the new world btw spain and portugal - line thru brazil, asked pope for guidance, portugal got jipped

A

treaty of tordesillas

65
Q

norse discoveries

A

real first explorers in new land, but settlements did not last = no credit
iceland, greenland, holland, norway, etc.
leif eriksson - newfoundland in 1001

66
Q

spain was originally looking for ___, but instead they….

A

northwest passage, but were satisfied w everything they found in the new world

67
Q

spain travelled for

A

god, gold, glory

68
Q

spain didnt have permanent settlements until

A

1560’s - first was St. Augustine

69
Q

person sent to a foreign country in order to convert others to their religion

A

missionary

70
Q

fort built by the Spanish in colonial America to protect monks, manned by a few soldiers, usually in what is today the US Southwest and California

A

presidio

71
Q

in colonial spanish america, king appointed official who governs a province, colony, or country

A

viceroy

72
Q

person in spanish colonial america who was of eurpoean and native american descent

A

mestizo

73
Q

a religious settlement usually run by catholic priests and friars in colonial spanish america

A

missionary

74
Q

region in spanish america with a leader appointed by the king

A

viceroyalty

75
Q

a water route to asia through the cold waters of present day canada sought by french explorers

A

northwest passage

76
Q

first permanent european settlement in canada

A

quebec

77
Q

founder of quebec that traded w many indian tribes

A

samuel de champlain

78
Q

from the french “runner of the woods”, french colonists who lived in the woods as fur traders

A

coureurs de bois

79
Q

person of french colonial america who was of french and native american descent

A

metis

80
Q

before new france in north america…

A

fur trade was prominent, they fought the French and Indian War against England

81
Q

Portugal
rounded tip of S Africa, which opened a trade route
Cape of Good Hope
1487-88

A

Bartolomeu Dias

82
Q

Spain
discovered New World, looking for Asia for trade
1492

A

Christopher Columbus

83
Q

England
1st english (king henry) explorer, lays basis for English exploration, Newfoundland, new record for return trip: 11 weeks
disappears
1497

A

John Cabot

84
Q

Portugal
used Dias’s route around Africa to reach India by sea
1498

A

Vasco da Gama

85
Q

Spain
explored coast of S America, deemed it a new continent, it’s named after him by Waldseemuller, a german cartographer, america’s first time on map wa in 1507
1499

A

Amerigo Vespucci

86
Q

Spain
Isthmus of Panama, saw Pacific Ocean first (sea of the south)
1513

A

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

87
Q

Spain
named Florida (applied to all land above Gulf of Mexico), searching for Fountain of Youth
1513

A

Ponce de Leon

88
Q

Spain
conquered Aztec empire(Mexico), sent the first rich cargoes from america, allied w neighboring tribes to defeat Aztecs
1519

A

Herando Cortes

89
Q

Spain
first to circumnavigate the world, names Pacific Ocean (peaceful waters), 3 yr voyage, only 1/5 ships make it back (Victoria), was killed in the Philippines, Strait named after him, fulfilled dreams of Columbus
1519

A

Ferdinand Magellan

90
Q

France
filled in map of East coast of North America to stay away from Spain, looking for Northwest Passage
1524

A

Verrazano

91
Q

Spain
conquered Incan Empire, killed leader for riches, led to more ruthless conquistadors
1531

A

Francisco Pizarro

92
Q

France
discovered and explored Gulf of St. Lawrence, claimed Canada for France, built settlement near modern quebec
1534

A

Jacques Cartier

93
Q

Spain
first to cross Mississippi River, explored Southeast US (Georgia, alabama, mississippi, arkansas, oklahoma)
1539

A

Hernando de Soto

94
Q

Spain
discovered Grand Canyon, looking for NW Passage, aka Strait of Anian
1540

A

Francisco de Coronado

95
Q

England and Dutch
3 waterways named after him: River - travelled up 150 miles looking for NW Passage, Bay: left there and dies, and Strait
1609

A

Henry Hudson

American (1 decks)

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