CGP GUIDE Flashcards
What are Polymers?
Large complex molecules composed of long chains of monomers joined together.
What are Monomers?
Give Examples
Small basic molecular units.
eg Monosaccharides, Amino acids, Nucleotides
Which 3 elements do all carbohydrates contain?
C,H,O
What are carbohydrates made of?
Give Examples
Monosaccharides
Glucose,Fructose and Galactose
Glucose is a Hexose Sugar.What is a Hexose sugar?
A monosaccharide with 6 carbon Atoms
What are the 2 types of glucose?
Alpha and Beta
What is an isomer?
Molecules with the same molecular formula as each other ,but with the atoms connected in a different way
What is a Condensation Reaction?
When 2 molecules join together with the formation of a new chemical bond,and a water molecule is released when the bond is formed
What happens when 2 monosaccharides are joined together?
They are joined together by condensation reactions and a glycosidic bond is formed
How is sucrose formed?
condensation reaction between a glucose and fructose molecule
How is Lactose Formed?
Disaccharide formes from Glucose and galactose molecule
How is Maltose Formed?
2 alpha glucose molecules joined by a glycosidic bond
What is a Hydrolysis Reaction?
Give an example
Breaks the chemical bond between monomers using a water molecule
Eg Carbohydrates can be broken down into their consituent monosaccharides by hydrolyis
What is the general term for monosaccharides and disaccharides?
Sugars
What are reducing sugars?
Give Examples
Thy include all monosaccharides (e.g Glucose) and some disaccharides (e.g Maltose and Lactose)
What are Polysaccharides’s?
A polysaccharide is formed when more than 2 monosaccharides are joined together by condensation reactions
Name 3 Polysaccharides
Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose
What is starch?
It is the main energy storage material in plants
Plants store excess glucose as starch
Starch is a mixture of which 2 polysaccharides of alpha glucose?
Amylose and Amylopectin
What is the Amylose?
•Long UNBRANCHED chain of alpha glucose.
What is Amylopectin?
A long UNBRANCHED chain of Alpha Glucose
How is the structure of Amylose adapted to its function?
COILED STRUCTURE - from the angles of glycosidic bonds
MAKES IT COMPACT-good for storage , can fit more into one space
How is amylopectin adapted to its function?
SIDE BRANCHES-allow enzymes that breakdown the molecule to get at the glycosidic bonds easily
Glucose released easily
What makes starch good for storage?
Insoluble in water
Doesn’t affect water potential
Doesn’t cause water to enter cells by osmosis,which would make them swell
