CGP

Question 1

Hardware-

Answer 1

Hardware- the physical components of a computer. e.g. keyboard, CPU

Question 2

Software-

Answer 2

Software- the programs a computer runs. e.g. games, web browser

Question 3

Embedded Systems- ___ ___ __ __ ___ ____ _ ___. E.g they could control Dishwashers, ___ ___.

They are usually ____ ____ _ ___, ___ _ ___, and __ ___ at their task than general purpose computers.

Answer 3

Embedded systems- computers built into other devices, usually as control devices. E.g. they could control DIshwashers, Microwaves, Washing machines.

They are usually easier to design, cheaper to produce, and more efficient at their task than general purpose systems

Question 4

___ pieces of hardware like a keyboard or mouse are called ____

Answer 4

External pieces of hardware like a keeyboard or mouse are called peripherals

Question 5

Central Processing Unit (CPU)-

Answer 5

where a computer processes all data and instructions

Question 6

Control Unit-

Answer 6

Control Unit- controls the flow of data in and out of the CPU, it manages the fetching, decoding, and executing of instructions

Question 7

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)-

Answer 7

ARithmetic Logic Unit- does calculations such as addition, subtractions, multiplication, and division. It also performs binary shifts and logic operations

Question 8

Cache-

There are three levels of cache memory:
L1 -> L2 -> L3
Decreasing __, increasing __

Answer 8

Cache- stores regularly used data for quick access. Low capacity and expensive.
There are three levels of Cache memory;
L1->L2->L3
Decreasing speed, increasing capacity

Question 9

Registers-

Answer 9

Registers- temporarily hold small amounts of data. They are extremely fast to read/ write to

Question 10

Name 4 common CU components

Answer 10

-Control Unit
-Arithmetic Logic Unit
-Cache
-Registers

Question 11

Number of cores-

Some software is designed to

Answer 11

Number of cores- each core processes data independently so more cores means more instructions can be carried out per second. SOme software is designed to take advantage of multicore processing

Question 12

Clock speed-

Answer 12

Clock speed- the number of instructions a single processor can carry out per second

Question 13

Cache size-

Answer 13

Cache size- a larger CPU cache gives the CPU faster access to more data

Question 14

Generally, CPUs with __ __, __ __, and __ __ will have __ performance, but __, more

Answer 14

Generally, CPUs with more cores, higher clock speeds and larger caches will have better performance, but cost more

Question 15

In the Von Neumann architecture, __ and ___ are both stored in the same memory.

Answer 15

In the Von Neumann architecture, data and instructions are both stored in the same memory.

Question 16

____
Program Counter (PC)-

Answer 16

Control Unit
Program Counter (PC)-
holds the memory address of the instruction for each cycle

Question 17

________
Accumulator-

Answer 17

Arithmetic Logic Unit
Accumulator- stores the intermediate results of the calculations in the ALU

Question 18

Memory Address Register (MAR)-

The address could point to

Answer 18

Memory Address Register (MAR)-
holds any memory address about to be used by the CPU.
The address could point to data or instructions

Question 19

Memory Data Register (MDR)-

Answer 19

Memory Data Register (MDR)-
holds the actual data or instruction, either fetched from memory of waiting to be written to memory

Question 20

The fetch execute cycle __ ____ while the __ ____ _ ___

Answer 20

The fetch-execute cycle repeats continuously while the computer is running

Question 21

1. ____
   -MEmory address

-Instruction

-Program Counter

Answer 21

1. FETCH
   -Memory address copied from the program counter to the MAR
   -Instruction copied from memory to the MDR
   -PRogram incremented to point to the next instruction

Question 22

3. ___
   Decoded instruction carried out.
   Examples of instructions
   -
   -
   -

Answer 22

3. EXECUTE
   Decoded instructions carried out.
   Examples of instructions:
   -Load data from memory
   -Write data to memory
   -Do calculation or logic operation (using ALU)

Question 23

2. ___
   -Instruction in the MDR
   -Control Unit prepares for next step, e.g.

Answer 23

2. DECODE
   -Instruction in the MDR decoded by the control unit
   -Control unit prepares for next step, e.g. by loading values into MAR or MDR