CGP Flashcards
Hardware-
Hardware- the physical components of a computer. e.g. keyboard, CPU
Software-
Software- the programs a computer runs. e.g. games, web browser
Embedded Systems- ___ ___ __ __ ___ ____ _ ___. E.g they could control Dishwashers, ___ ___.
They are usually ____ ____ _ ___, ___ _ ___, and __ ___ at their task than general purpose computers.
Embedded systems- computers built into other devices, usually as control devices. E.g. they could control DIshwashers, Microwaves, Washing machines.
They are usually easier to design, cheaper to produce, and more efficient at their task than general purpose systems
___ pieces of hardware like a keyboard or mouse are called ____
External pieces of hardware like a keeyboard or mouse are called peripherals
Central Processing Unit (CPU)-
where a computer processes all data and instructions
Control Unit-
Control Unit- controls the flow of data in and out of the CPU, it manages the fetching, decoding, and executing of instructions
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)-
ARithmetic Logic Unit- does calculations such as addition, subtractions, multiplication, and division. It also performs binary shifts and logic operations
Cache-
There are three levels of cache memory:
L1 -> L2 -> L3
Decreasing __, increasing __
Cache- stores regularly used data for quick access. Low capacity and expensive.
There are three levels of Cache memory;
L1->L2->L3
Decreasing speed, increasing capacity
Registers-
Registers- temporarily hold small amounts of data. They are extremely fast to read/ write to
Name 4 common CU components
-Control Unit
-Arithmetic Logic Unit
-Cache
-Registers
Number of cores-
Some software is designed to
Number of cores- each core processes data independently so more cores means more instructions can be carried out per second. SOme software is designed to take advantage of multicore processing
Clock speed-
Clock speed- the number of instructions a single processor can carry out per second
Cache size-
Cache size- a larger CPU cache gives the CPU faster access to more data
Generally, CPUs with __ __, __ __, and __ __ will have __ performance, but __, more
Generally, CPUs with more cores, higher clock speeds and larger caches will have better performance, but cost more
In the Von Neumann architecture, __ and ___ are both stored in the same memory.
In the Von Neumann architecture, data and instructions are both stored in the same memory.
____
Program Counter (PC)-
Control Unit
Program Counter (PC)-
holds the memory address of the instruction for each cycle
________
Accumulator-
Arithmetic Logic Unit
Accumulator- stores the intermediate results of the calculations in the ALU
Memory Address Register (MAR)-
The address could point to
Memory Address Register (MAR)-
holds any memory address about to be used by the CPU.
The address could point to data or instructions
Memory Data Register (MDR)-
Memory Data Register (MDR)-
holds the actual data or instruction, either fetched from memory of waiting to be written to memory
The fetch execute cycle __ ____ while the __ ____ _ ___
The fetch-execute cycle repeats continuously while the computer is running
- ____
-MEmory address
-Instruction
-Program Counter
- FETCH
-Memory address copied from the program counter to the MAR
-Instruction copied from memory to the MDR
-PRogram incremented to point to the next instruction
- ___
Decoded instruction carried out.
Examples of instructions
-
-
-
- EXECUTE
Decoded instructions carried out.
Examples of instructions:
-Load data from memory
-Write data to memory
-Do calculation or logic operation (using ALU)
- ___
-Instruction in the MDR
-Control Unit prepares for next step, e.g.
- DECODE
-Instruction in the MDR decoded by the control unit
-Control unit prepares for next step, e.g. by loading values into MAR or MDR
