CFII Flashcards
What do you need to do to remain current for instrument flight rules
Within the preceding 6 calendar months you must have completed 6 instrument approaches, demonstrated holding, intercepting, and tracking
You have a 6 month grace period after your currency lapses to complete the required items, once the grace period ends you must complete an Instrument Proficiency Check (IPC)
Who can preform an IPC
CFII
Examiner
DPE
Person authorized by the U.S. armed forces
Check pilot
PIC currency requirements
Within the preceding 90 days you must have completed 3 takeoffs and landings in the same category, class, type, etc. of aircraft you intend to fly with passengers
For night currency the takeoffs and landings must be to a full stop and preformed between sunset and sunrise
Tailwheel currency must also be to a full stop
Flight review every 24 calendar months
Where can you find the items that need to be covered during an IPC
The ACS
A-13 in the instrument ACS (I believe)
When can you log instrument time
Simulated: when flying solely in reference to the instruments with a qualified safety pilot
Actual: in IMC
What is CRM
Crew resource management
Effective and efficient use of all resources
What is ADM
Aeronautical decision making
A systematic approach to the decision making process
PPP and PPPPP
PAVE - CARE - TEAM
IMSAFE
GAVIATE
ARROW
NWKRAFT
What is SRM
Single pilot crew resource management
Much like CRM but you’re down a resource, your second pilot
What is spatial disorientation
The pilot is unable to accurately interpret their position in space
What systems do we use to orient ourselves
Somatosensory
Vestibular
Visual
How does your visual system work
Rods: night time, sensitive to light
Cones: day time, sensitive to color
Rhodopsin helps your eyes to adjust to light
Roughly 30 minutes for your eyes to fully adjust to a different lighting environment
Blind spot where the optic nerve attaches
How does your vestibular system work
Three semicircular canals (3 axis in space)
Otolith organ (cupula) (acceleration and deceleration)
Eustachian tube (equalize the pressure)
Illusions
Inversion
Coriolis
Elevator
False horizon
Leans
Autokinesis
Graveyard spiral
Somatogravic
Blackhole effect
Flying by the seat of your pants
Naughty
Instrument scanning errors
Emphasis - looking at certain instruments too much in comparison to others
Fixation - just focused on one
Omission
Anti-ice vs deicing equipment
Anti-icing: weeping wing, heated surface, pito heat, cabin heat/defrost
Deice: boot
If you encounter icing
Turn around, climb through to the top, descend
Go where you know the icing conditions (visible moisture, freezing temperatures) don’t exist
AFM checklist
Traditional pito/static instruments
I’m not writing all that out I know you know that shit already
Pito/static instrument blockages
ADC inputs and outputs
Inputs: OAT, pito, static, alternate static
Outputs: OAT, indicated airspeed, vertical speed, TAS, altitude, mode C, E6B calculations
AHRS inputs and outputs
Inputs: GPS, magnetometer, ADC
Outputs: attitude, heading, rate of turn, slip and skid, wind vector
Gyroscopic principles
Precession, rigidity in space
Attitude indicator
Vertically mounted about the horizontal axis
Relies on rigidity
Heading indicator
Horizontally mounted about the vertical axis
Relies on rigidity
Turn coordinator
Canted 30 degrees
Relies on precession
Magnetic compass errors
Oscillation
Variation
Deviation
Dip
Turning errors and acceleration errors (ANDS/UNOS) (1/2 latitude + 15)
G1000 components
Alex: 3212664579
ADSB is required where
A,B,C (above as well), Mode C veil, above 10000’ MSL
Hold entries
Holding airspeed limitations
Below 6000’: 200kts
From 6000-14000’: 230kts
Above 14000’: 265kts
IFR takeoff criteria
35’ above the runway
200 fpnm climb
No turns until 400’ AGL
When may you engage autopilot
800’ AGL
Ways to begin an approach
Vectors
Hold in lieu
Procedure turn
Procedure track
Going missed procedure
Power up
Pitch up
Clean up
Fess up
If you’re circling and you loose sight of the runway what should you do
Turn towards the runway, then follow the published missed approach procedure
Cold temperature airports
Must change the altitudes for the approach
(conversion table AIM 7-3-4)
Different types of AWOS
WAAS
Accurate within 3 meters 90% of the time
6 satellites required
How many satellites give you what
2D: 3
3D: 4
RAIM: 5 (fault detection)
Fault exclusion: 6
GPS
Minimum of 24 satellites
6 orbital planes, 4 minimum on each
What does a GPS satellite send
Position, time, ID
GPS errors
Position, timing, atmospheric
If you get a RAIM alert on an approach what do you do
If you’ve crossed the FAF, go missed
If you haven’t crossed the FAF, switch to LNAV minimums
Alternate minimums and filing
1-2-3 rule
600-2 for precision
800-2 non precision
Lost comms procedures
Confirm you actually do have lost comms
Squawk 7600 (in IMC) squawk 1200 (in VMC)
If you’re cleared and en route to an airport and loose comms, fly over the airport and then shoot the approach
If you’ve started an approach and you’re picking up ice should you abort or continue the approach
Continue the approach
No flaps landing
Come in faster than you normally would
If you’re in ice and your engine runs rough what should you do
Open alternate air
Types of VOR
High: up to 130nm (varies with altitude)
Low: 40nm
Terminal: 25nm
VOR service volumes
High: up to 60000’
Low: 18000’
Terminal: 12000’
What must you have for a VOR to be useful
Line of sight must be maintained
VOR minimum operation network
Must be within 100nm of a legacy VOR
VOR receiver checks
Must be checked every 30 days for IFR
Airborne: +/-6 degrees
Dual: +/- 4
Ground:+/-4
VOT: +/-4 (180 to indication)
Date, error, bearing, place, signature
91.171
Hypoxia
Hypoxic
Histotoxic
Hypemic
Stagnant
Alcohol regulation
8 hours bottle to throttle
.04% BAC
No side effects felt
When may you log instrument time
In actual
As the CFII you may not log the approaches your students do, to log the approach you must fly beyond the FAF
As a CFII what are you required to record
Name of the person you’re instructing, and what the instruction was for (rating they’re working on)
Endorsements given (keep for 3 years)
If you sent someone to a test you have to keep a log of the results (pass/fail) of their test
Types of approaches
Precision: ILS, MLS, PAR
Non precision: LOC, VOR, LNAV, NDB, LOC back course
Precision like: LPV, LNAV/VNAV, LNAV+V (guidance only on the vertical(advisory glide path))
Inoperative instruments and equipment
91.213
91.205
KOEL
Light gun signals
Enhanced taxiway centerline is how long
150’ maximum
Shows you’re approaching a runway just for situational awareness purposes
Minimum fuel requirements for IFR
Enough fuel to fly to your destination, to your alternate there after, and 45 extra minutes of cruise fuel burn
IFR cruising altitudes
East: odd thousand or flight levels
West: even thousand or flight levels
IFR takeoff minimums
N/A for part 91
For parts 135, 121, 125, or 129
One engine: 1sm
Two or more engines: 1/2sm
What is clearance void time
The time at which your clearance is void and after which you may not takeoff
You must notify ATC within 30 min after the void time if you did not depart
‘Hold for release’
You may not takeoff until being released for IFR departure
Release time
The earliest time an aircraft may depart for an IFR flight
IFR minimum altitudes
Mountainous: 2000’
Non-mountainous: 1000’
IFR altitudes
DME
Distance measuring equipment
The Airborne DME unit transmits an
interrogation signal
The ground DME facility receives and
replies to the interrogation
Airborne unit calculates the slant range
distance to the station based on the
reply time
Due to slant range error, when flying
overhead the station, DME indication is
not “0”
Slant range error is negligible at 1 NM
from the DME station per every 1000ft
NDB
ADF (Automatic Direction Finder) in aircraft points towards the NDB station
Components of the ILS
Lighting
Glideslope
Localizer
Marker beacons
VERTICAL, LATERAL, AND DISTANCE GUIDANCE
The ILS is getting it’s own deck go look at that on it’s own
Control and performance
Divides the cockpit panel by control instruments and performance instruments
Set the power and attitude, then monitor the performance and make adjustments
Control instruments: power, attitude indicator
Performance Instruments: pitch (altimeter, airspeed and VSI), bank (heading indicator, turn coordinator, and magnetic compass)
Establish, trim, crosscheck, adjust
Required reporting points
AIM 5-3-3
It’s on my kneeboard
ID, position, time, altitude, flight plan, ETA and fix, name of the next fix, remarks
Holding time limitations
Below 14000’: 1 minute
Above 14000’: 1.5 minutes
Hold entries
Direct: upon crossing the fix turn to
follow the holding pattern
Parallel: upon crossing the fix, turn to
a heading parallel to the holding course
outbound for 1 minute. Then turn into
the the hold pattern to intercept the
inbound course
Teardrop: upon crossing the fix,
turn outbound to a heading 30º into
the pattern. Fly it for 1 minute, then
turn in the direction of the hold turns to
intercept the inbound course
Lost comms procedures
FAR 91.185
Altitude (choose the highest):
MEA
Expected
Assigned
Route (order of priority):
Assigned
Vectors
Expected
Filed
Operation below minimums
RNAV
RNAV is a system that enables navigation between any two points without the need to overfly ground-based stations
GNSS
Broad term for satellite-based RNAV systems
GPS is the GNSS system used within the United States
PBN
Performance based navigation
General basis for navigation equipment standards, in terms of accuracy, integrity, continuity, availability and functionality for specific operation contexts (final approach, enroute, missed approach)
RNP
RNP is a specific statement of PBN for the flight segment and aircraft capability, also defined as RNAV + navigation monitoring and alerting functionality
RAIM or built-in monitoring in WAAS provide this capability
Terminal: 2nm accuracy
Enroute: 1nm accuracy
Final approach: 0.3nm accuracy
Advanced: higher standard
3 things for operations below minimums
Wx minimums, stabilized approach, visual
