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CFB > CFB: The Tongue > Flashcards

CFB: The Tongue Flashcards

1
Q

What are intrinsic muscles?

A

Muscles originate and attach to other structures within the tongue

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2
Q

How many pairs of intrinsic muscles are there?

A

4

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3
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles named by?

A

Direction in which they travel

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4
Q

Name the 4 intrinsic muscles

A

Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical

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5
Q

What nerve supplies the motor function of the intrinsic muscles?

A

Hypoglossal

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6
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles?

A

Originate from structures outside the tongue and insert onto it

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7
Q

Names of extrinsic muscles

A

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus

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8
Q

What nerve innervates the extrinsic muscles

A

Hypoglossal nerve EXCEPT palatoglossus which is innervates by vagus

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9
Q

Attachments of Genioglossus

A

Arises from the Mandibular symphysis.
Inserts onto the body of the hyoid bone and the entire length of the tongue

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10
Q

Function of Genioglossus

A

Protrusion and depression of tongue

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11
Q

Innervation of Genioglossus

A

Hypoglossal

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12
Q

Attachments of hyoglossus

A

Arises from the hyoid bone
Inserts onto the lateral aspect of the tongue

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13
Q

Function of hyoglossus

A

Depression and retraction of the tongue

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14
Q

Innervation of hyoglossus

A

Hypoglossal

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15
Q

Attachments of styloglossus

A

Originates from styloid process of temporal
Inserts onto the lateral aspect of the tongue

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16
Q

Function of styloglossus

A

Retraction and elevation of tongue

17
Q

Innervation of styloglossus

A

Hypoglossal

18
Q

Attachments of palatoglossus

A

Arises from the palatine aponeurosis
Inserts broadly along tongue

19
Q

Function of palatoglossus

A

Elevation of posterior tongue

20
Q

Innervation of palatoglossus

A

Vagus nerve

21
Q

What nerve provides general sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue?

A

Trigeminal nerve- lingual nerve branch of mandibular nerve

22
Q

What nerve provides taste in the anterior 2/3 of tongue?

A

Facial nerve- in petrous part of temporal bone, facial nerve gives off three branches- chorda tympani which travels through middle ear and continues to tongue

23
Q

What nerve supplies both sensory and taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

24
Q

Vasculature of tongue

A

Lingual artery- branch of external carotid (most of supply)
Tonsillar artery- branch of facial artery (provides some collateral circulation)
Drainage by lingual nerve

25
Q

Lymphatic drainage of anterior 2/3 of tongue

A

Initially into the submental and submandibular node which empty onto deep cervical lymph nodes

26
Q

Lymphatic drainage of posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

Directly into the deep cervical lymph nodes

27
Q

When does the tongue start to develop?

A

4th week of gestation

28
Q

What is the tongue derived from?

A

Pharyngeal arches 1-4 (forms mucosa of tongue)
Occipital somites (forms musculature of tongue p)

29
Q

Lateral lingual swellings of tongue (during development)

A

Derived from 1st pharyngeal arch
Contribute to mucosa of anterior 2/3 of tongue

30
Q

How many lingual swelling are there during development?

A

2

31
Q

Medial swellings of tongue (during development)

A

Tuberculum impar: derived from 1st pharyngeal arch. Contributes to anterior 2/3 mucosa
Cupola: derived from 2nd,3rd,4th pharyngeal arch. Forms posterior 1/3 mucosa
Epiglottal swelling: derived from 4th pharyngeal arch. Forms the epiglottis

32
Q

How is the anterior 2/3 mucosa formed

A

During 5th week of development
Lateral lingual swellings overgrown the tuberculum impar and merge together
Line of fusion is marked by the median sulcus of tongue

33
Q

What happens within the cupola to form the mucosa of posterior 1/3

A

During 5th week of development
3rd pharyngeal arch component overgrows the 2nd arch

34
Q

What happens during week 8 of gestation in relation to tongue development?

A

Anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 fuse
Forms a v shapes groove called the terminal sulcus- at the centre of this groove is the foramen cecum which represents the place of origin of the thyroid gland

35
Q

Development of lingual frenulum

A

Tongue is initially tethered to the floor of the oral cavity
Process of carefully programmed cell death known as sculpting apoptosis releases the tongue

36
Q

Occipital somites

A

Segments of mesoderm in the region of the upper neck
Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles are derived from occipital somites
The somites migrate from the neck anteriorly to give rise to tongue muscles

CFB (1 decks)

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