CF03 - Critical Thinking

Question 1

What is defined as the intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information?

Answer 1

Critical Thinking

Question 2

What are the FIVE characteristics that embody a ‘Proficient Critical Thinker’?

Answer 2

1. Open-mindedness
2. Healthy Skepticism
3. Intellectual humility
4. Free thinker
5. Highly motivated (put forth work to evaluate both sides)

Question 3

What are the TWO ‘Systems Thinking Approaches to Decision Making’?

Answer 3

1. Reactive Thinking (System 1)

2. Reflective Thinking (System 2)

Question 4

What are FIVE ‘Basic Human Limitations’ to critical thinking?

Answer 4

1. Confirmation Bias and Selective Thinking
2. False Memories and Confabulation
3. Personal Biases and prejudices
4. Physical and Emotional Hindrances (stress, fatigue, etc)
5. Testimonial Evidence (stories of others)

Question 5

What ‘thinking’ approach to decision making is quick and automatic?

Answer 5

Reactive Thinking

Question 6

What ‘thinking’ approach to decision making is slower, taking more time and effort?

Answer 6

Reflective Thinking

Question 7

What are the FOUR categories that ‘Critical Thinking’ hindrances are divided into?

Answer 7

1. Basic Human Limitations
2. Use of Language
3. Faulty Logic or Perception
4. Psychological or Sociological Pitfalls

Question 8

What are SIX limitations of Critical Thinking that fall under ‘The Use of Language’?

Answer 8

1. Ambiguity (word/expression understood different ways)
2. Assuring Expressions (as everyone knows…)
3. Meaningless Comparisons (implies something is superior then retreats - lasts up to 30% longer)
4. Doublespeak Jargon (make the simple sound complex)
5. Emotive Content (choice of words to change feelings)
6. False Implications (clear and accurate but misleading how it portrays something)

Question 9

What are SIX limitations of Critical Thinking that fall under ‘Faulty Logic or Perception’?

Answer 9

1. Apophenia and superstition (connection between unrelated events)
2. Argument from ignorance (true because it hasn’t been proven false)
3. False analogies (grapes are bad because wine makes you drunk)
4. Irrelevant comparison
5. Pragmatic Fallacy (true because ‘it works’)
6. Slippery Slope Fallacy (chain of events will occur that offers no proof)

Question 10

What are SIX limitations of Critical Thinking that fall under ‘Psychological and Sociological Pitfalls’?

Answer 10

1. Ad hominem fallacy
2. Ad populum
3. Emotional appeal
4. Evading the Issue, Red Herring
5. Fallacy of False Dilemma
6. Poisoning the wel