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MT 639: PARA > CESTODES: ORDER PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA AND CYCLOPHYLLIDEA > Flashcards

CESTODES: ORDER PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA AND CYCLOPHYLLIDEA Flashcards

1
Q

Common Name of Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Broad Fish Tapeworm

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2
Q

Habitat of Dibothriocephalus latus /
Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Small Intestine (Ileum)

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3
Q

Final Host of Dibothriocephalus latus /
Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Humans

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4
Q

1st IH of Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Copepods

Cyclops (crustaceans) & Diaptomus

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5
Q

2nd IH pf Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Freshwater fish such as salmon, trout, pike, ruff, perch

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6
Q

RH & AH of Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Dogs, cats, other fish-eating mammals

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7
Q

PH of D. latum

A

Carnivorous fish

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8
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum MOT

A

Ingestion of raw, undercooked, or pickled freshwater fish with plerocercoid

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9
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum IS

A

Plerocercoid

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10
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum

Diagnostic Stage

A

Eggs

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11
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum egg appearance

A

Ovoid
Yellow-brown eggs
Small knob at abopercular end
Immature
Smooth
Inconspicuous operculum
Moderately thick shell
Operculated
Unembryonated

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12
Q

How many eggs does D. latum produce?

A

1,000,000 daily

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13
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum egg is mistaken for?

Provide the distinction

A

Both operculated

P. westermani: bigger, contains abopercular thickening, asymmetrical, opercular shoulder

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14
Q

Appearance of Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum adult worm

A

Whitish/ milkfish
No oncosphere

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15
Q

T/F: Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum adult worm

Proglottids disintegrate only when segment has completed its reproductive function

A

T

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16
Q

Describe the scolex of Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Almond/Spoon-shaped
Spatulate
2 Bothria dorsally and ventrally

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17
Q

T/F: Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum

Its scolex have suckers, rostellum, hooks

A

F

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18
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum proglottids up to ____ segments

A

3000

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19
Q

Describe D. latum immature proglottid

A

Small and developing

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20
Q

Describe D. latum mature proglottid

A

Neutrally located uterine pore

Symetrically bilobed ovary

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21
Q

Describe D. latum gravid proglottid

A

Wider than tall
Uterus: rosette-like appearance, central, highly coiled

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22
Q

D. latum larva disease manifestation

A

Sparganosis
Proliferation to tissue, inflammation

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23
Q

D. latum adult disease manifestation

A

Diphyllobothriasis, Megaloblastic Macrocytic
Anemia
Bothriocephalus Anemia (Vitamin B12 Deficiency)
Intestinal Obstruction
Diarrhea
Abdominal Pain

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24
Q

What resembles Bothriocephalus Anemia?

A

Pernicious Anemia

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25
Q

Large RBCs (Macrocytes) on Blood Smears

A

Bothriocephalus Anemia

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26
Q

D. latum Diagnosis

A

Stool Examination
FEACT
Kato-Katz
Travel & History Diet
Sedimentation Technique
Examination of Gastric Juice for the Presence of Free Hydrochloric Acid
PCR

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27
Q

D. latum Treatment

A

Praziquantel
Niclosamide
Intraduodenal Gastrografin

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28
Q

T/F

It is appropriate to use Zinc Sulfate for D. latum’s operculum

A

F; inappropriate

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29
Q

Largest and longest tapeworm in man

A

D. latum

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30
Q

Prolific Parasite

A

D. latum

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31
Q

Common name of Taenia solium

A

Pork Tapeworm

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32
Q

Habitat of T. solium

A

Small intestine

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33
Q

FH of T. solium

A

Humans

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34
Q

IH of T. solium

A

Pigs

During cysticercosis: Humans

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35
Q

T. solium MOT

A

Ingestion of raw or undercooked pork with cysticercus cellulosae

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36
Q

IS of T. solium

A

Cysticercus cellulosae (Bladder cyst)
Measley Pork
Egg (during cysticercosis)

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37
Q

Cysticercus cellulosae is also known as

A

Bladder Worm

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38
Q

Dx Stage of Taenia spp.

A

Eggs / Proglottids

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39
Q

Appearance of Taenia spp. eggs

A

Indistinguishable
Spheroidal
Yellow-Brown
Thick and radially striated shell

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40
Q

Taenia spp. oncosphere

A

Hexacanth Embryo (6 hooks)

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41
Q

T/F

Taenia eggs are non-operculated and embryonated

A

T

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42
Q

T/F

T. solium adult worm is shorter than T. saginata

A

T

T. solium = 7 m
T. saginata = Up to 25 m

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43
Q

T. solium Scolex

Shape
Suckers
Rostellum and rows

A

Shape: Globular
Suckers: 4 cup-like
Rostellum: Armed - 2 rows: 25-30 hooks

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44
Q

T. solium Neck

A

Short, Narrow

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45
Q

T. solium proglottids

A

less than 1000

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46
Q

T. solium immature proglottid

A

Wider than tall, small and developing

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47
Q

T. solium Mature P.

A

Well-developed reproductive organs
Square: wide and tall
Ovary: trilobed
Testes: smaller in number

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48
Q

T. solium Mature P. Ovary and Testes

A

Trilobed Ovary
Smaller in number testes

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49
Q

T. solium Gravid P. Uterine Branches

A

5-13 Lateral Branches Finger-like/Dendritic

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50
Q

Break off from the main strobila, passed out in stool

A

Terminal T. solium proglottids

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51
Q

T. solium Disease Manidestation (Larva & Adult)

A

Larva: Cysticercosis / Neurocysticercosis (Can migrate to Brain, Lungs, Eyes)

Adult: Taeniasis solium

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52
Q

T. solium Lab Diagnosis on Taeniasis

A
  • Stool exam
  • Perianal Swab
  • FEACT
  • Double Slide Compression Technique: India ink through the genital pore & Carmine Dye
  • Immunoblot Assay
  • Acid Fast Staining: Ziehl Neelseen of Mature Egg (Blue-Purple)
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53
Q

T. solium Lab Diagnosis on Cysticercosis

A

Dot-ELISA
EITB / Western
Blot
ELISA

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54
Q

T. solium adult treatment

A

Praziquantel
Niclosamide

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55
Q

T. solium cysticercosis treatment

A

Surgical Removal / Excisional Bopsy
Oral Albendazole
Corticosteroids

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56
Q

Infected pork with cysticercus cellulosae

A

Measley Pork

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57
Q

T. saginata Common Name

A

Beef Tapeworm

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58
Q

T. saginata Habitat

A

Small Intestine

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59
Q

T. saginata FH

A

Humans

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60
Q

T. saginata IH

A

Cattles

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61
Q

T. saginata MOT

A

Ingestion of raw or undercooked beef with cysticercus bovis

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62
Q

T. saginata Scolex

Shape
Suckers
Rostellum

A

Shape: Pyriform
Suckers: 4 cup-like
No Rostellum: Unarmed

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63
Q

T. saginata Proglottids

A

1000-2000

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64
Q

T. saginata Immature P.

A

Small and developing

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65
Q

T. saginata Mature P.

Ovary
Testes
Uterus
Vagina
Genital Pore

A

Ovary: Bilobed
Testes: More scattered
Uterus: Median, Club-shaped
Vagina: Has a sphincter
Genital Pore: Irregularly alternate

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66
Q

T. saginata Uterine Branches

A

15-20 Tree-like appearance

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67
Q

T/F

T. saginata gravid p. often crawls from the anus during the day, when the host is most active and it usually appear singly

A

T

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68
Q

T. saginata Larva Disease Manifestation

A

No cysticercosis

69
Q

T. saginata Adult Disease Manifestation

A

Taeniasis saginata
Pruritus ani
Appendicitis
Duodenitis
Intestinal Obstruction
Tapeworm Appetite

70
Q

T. saginata Lab Diagnosis

A

Same with T. solium except no cysticercosis

71
Q

T. saginata Treatment

A

Praziquantel
Niclosamide

72
Q

H. nana Common Name

A

Dwarf Tapeworm

73
Q

Smallest Tapeworm that parasitizes Humans

A

Hymenolepis nana

74
Q

H. nana Habitat

A

Small Intestine

75
Q

H. nana FH

76
Q

H. nana IH

A

Rat Flea: Xenopsylla cheopis
Dog Flea: Ctenocephalides canis
Human Flea: Pulex irritans
Rice Beetle: Tenebrio sp.
Flour Bettle: Tribolium sp.
Moths

77
Q

T/F

H. nana has 2 AH.

78
Q

H. nana MOT (Indirect and Direct)

A

Indirect: Ingestion of IH with Cysticercoid Larva
Direct: Ingestion of eggs

79
Q

T/F

Pwedeng walang IH ang H. nana

80
Q

What tapeworms cause autoinfection?

A

T. solium and H. nana

81
Q

H. nana IS (Indirect & Direct)

A

Indirect: Cysticercoid Larva
Direct: Egg

82
Q

Dx Stage of Hymenolepis spp.

83
Q

H. nana egg appearance

A

Spheroidal
Oncosphere: Thin-shelled and Thick inner membrane with conscpicuous bipolar thickenings - 4-8 Polar Filaments
Colorless embryophore

84
Q

T/F

H. nana eggs are more easily seen in fresh samples or those preserved in non-PVA-based fixatives

85
Q

General Cestode eggs

A

Hexacanth Embryo (6 hooks)
Non-operculated
Embryonated

86
Q

H. nana Neck

A

Long & Slender

87
Q

H. nana Scolex

Shape
Suckers
Rostellum

A

Shape: Rhomboidal and Knob-like
Suckers: 4 cup-like
Rostellum: Short, Retractable, Armed (1 row: 20-30)

88
Q

H. nana Proglottids

89
Q

H. nana Immature P.

A

Small & Rectangular

90
Q

H. nana Mature P. (Testes & Ovary)

A

3 Ovoid Testes
1 Bilobed Ovary

91
Q

H. nana Disease Manifestation

A

Anorexia
Pruritus of Nose and Anus
Diarrhea
Nausea
Vomiting
Pallor
Weight Loss
Epigastric Pain

91
Q

H. nana Gravid P.

A

Twice as wide as long
Sac-like uterus filled with eggs

91
Q

Hymenolepis spp. Lab Diagnosis

A

Stool Exam

92
Q

H. diminuta IH

A

Rat Flea
Cockroaches
Beetles
Variety of Arthropods

92
Q

T/F

H. nana life cycle:
Direct and Indirect - no IH

A

F; Indirect requires IH

92
Q

Hymenolepis spp., Raillietina spp., D. caninum, D. latum, Taenia spp. Treatment

A

Praziquantel and Niclosamide

H. nana. Rail & D. caninum: Bithionol

92
Q

H. diminuta Common Name

A

Rat Tapeworm

92
Q

H. diminuta Habitat

A

Small Intestine

92
Q

Smallest human tapeworm with direct life cycle

93
Q

H. diminuta FH

94
Q

T/F

H. diminuta IH arthropod is optional but obligatory

A

F; not optional

95
Q

H. diminuta AH

96
Q

H. diminuta MOT

A

Ingestion of arthropods with cysticeroid larva

97
Q

H. diminuta IS

A

Cysticercoid larva

98
Q

H. diminuta Dx Stage

98
Q

H. diminuta egg appearance

A

Large
Ovoid
Bile-Stained
Striated & Thin shelled
Has bipolar thickenings but no polar filaments
Fan-like Hooks
Fried egg appearance

99
Q

H. diminuta scolex

A

Knob-shaped
4 cup-like Suckers / Acetabula
Rudimentary Unarmed Rostellum

99
Q

T/F

H. diminuta is rarely seen in human feces

99
Q

H. diminuta Proglottids

100
Q

H. diminuta Immature P.

A

Elongated and rectangular

100
Q

H. diminuta Disease Manifestation

A

Nausea
Epigastric Pain
Vomiting
Anorexia
Diarrhea

100
Q

H. diminuta Mature P. (Testes & Ovary)

A

3 Ovoid Testes
1 Ovary

100
Q

H. diminuta Lab Diagnosis

A

Stool Exam

100
Q

H. diminuta Gravid P.

A

Sac-like uterus filled with eggs

100
Q

Raillietina sp. Common Name

A

Common Tapeworm of Rat
Madagascar Tapeworm

100
Q

Raillietina sp. Habitat

A

Small Intestine

100
Q

Raillietina sp. FH

100
Q

Raillietina sp. IH

A

Flour Bettle: Tribolium

101
Q

Raillietina sp. AH

102
Q

Raillietina sp. MOT

A

Ingestion of cysticercoid larva

103
Q

Raillietina sp. IS

A

Cysticercoid larva

103
Q

Raillietina sp. egg Appearance

A

Enclosed in an outer elongated membrane and an inner spherical membrane
(1-4 spindle-shaped eggs)
Egg capsule: liberated from a proglottid

103
Q

Raillietina sp. Dx Stage

A

Egg / Segment / Scolex

103
Q

Raillietina sp. Mature Proglottid

A

Bilobed Ovary surrounded by 36-50 ovoid testes

103
Q

Raillietina sp. egg capsule is cleared with _______

A

Lactophenol

103
Q

Raillietina sp. Scolex

A

Armed Rostellum: 2 Alternate Circular Rows - 90-140 Hammer-Shaped Hooks

Several rows of spines surrounding rostellum

103
Q

Raillietina sp. Disease

A

Asymptomatic

103
Q

Raillietina sp. Immature P.

A

Small & Slender

103
Q

Raillietina sp. Gravid P.

A

Rice grain contains 200-250 egg packets with 1-4 spindle shaped eggs

103
Q

Raillietina sp. Lab Diagnosis

A

Stool Exam (Egg/Scolex)

103
Q

Dipylidium caninum Common Name

A

Double Pored Tapeworm
Dog Tapeworm
Flea Tapeworm
Cucumber Tapeworm

103
Q

D. caninum Habitat

A

Small Intestine

103
Q

D. caninum FH

A

Dogs & Cats

104
Q

D. caninum IH

A

Dog Flea: Ctenocephalides canis
Cat Flea: Ctenocephalides felis
Arthropod: Obligatory IH

105
Q

D. caninum AH

106
Q

D. caninum MOT

A

Ingestion of cysticercoid larva

106
Q

D. caninum IS

A

Cysticercoid larva

106
Q

D. caninum Dx Stage

A

Eggs / Segment / Scolex

106
Q

D. caninum Egg Appearance

A

Spherical
Radially Striated
Egg Packets: 8-15 eggs
Ciliated
Thin-shelled indiv eggs

107
Q

D. caninum Scolex

A

Conical
Globular
Armed
Rosette-like
1-7 Circlets of Spine
Armed, Retractable & Conical Rostellum with 4-7 small rose thorn-shaped hooklets

107
Q

D. caninum Immature P.

A

Relatively large

108
Q

D. caninum Mature P. (Ovary & Testes)

A

2 Sets of Testes and Ovaries

109
Q

D. caninum Gravid P.

A

Melon / Barrel / Pumpkin seed-shaped
2 Sets of Genital Pores

109
Q

D. caninum Moist Gravid P.

A

Cucumber Appearance

109
Q

D. caninum Disease

A

Anal Pruritus
Abdominal Pain
Diarrhea
Allergic Reax
Slight Intestinal Discomfort

109
Q

D. caninum Dry Gravid P.

A

Rice grain

109
Q

D. caninum Lab Diagnosis

A

Stool Exam (Ova / Egg Packets / Segment / Scolex)

109
Q

E. granulosus Common Name

A

Hydatid Worm

109
Q

Only parasite with 2 sets of reproductive organs and 2 sets of genital pores

A

D. caninum

109
Q

E. granulosus Habitat (FH & IH)

A

FH: Small Intestine
IH: Other parts of the body

110
Q

E. granulosus FH

A

Canines (Dogs)

110
Q

E. granulosus IH

A

Sheep
Cattle
Swine
Horses
Marsupials
Ox
Humans

111
Q

E. granulosus AH

112
Q

E. granulosus MOT (FH & IH)

A

FH: Ingestion of IH with hydatid cyst
IH: Ingestion of embryonated eggs

112
Q

E. granulosus IS

A

FH: Hydatid cyst
IH: Embryonated egg

112
Q

E. granulosus Dx Stage

A

Hydatid cyst with porotscolices

113
Q

E. granulosus egg appearance

A

Indistinguishable from Taenia egg

113
Q

E. granulosus Scolex

A

4 cup-like Suckers
Armed Rostellum: Rosette (Double Rows: 28-40 Hooklets)

113
Q

E. granulosus Proglottid

A

1 Mature
1 Immature
1 Gravid

113
Q

Hydatid Cyst Layers outermost to innermost

A

Adventitial / Collagen Layer
Laminated ( Hyaline)
Germinal (Daughter Cysts attach) (Brood Capsule)

113
Q

E. granulosus Mature & Gravid P.

A

Hydatid Cyst contained Daughter Cysts / Protoscolex / Protoscolices with Hydatid Sand & Fluid

114
Q

E. granulosus Disease

A

Cystic Echinococcosis
Cysticercosis of visceral organs
Cystic Hydatid Disease

115
Q

E. granulosus Lab Diagnosis

A

CT Scan
Xray
MRI
Positive Serological Test
Bentonite Flocculation Test
Casoni Intradermal Test
Ultrasonography

116
Q

E. granulosus Treatment

A

DOC: Mebendazole, Albendazole

Chemotherapy
Surgery PAIR
Percutaneous Thermal Ablation

116
Q

Smallest Tapeworm of Dogs

A

E. granulosus

116
Q

T/F

Stool examination is not performed in humans because E. granulosus is found in the vital organs

MT 639: PARA (3 decks)

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