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Parasitology > Cestodes > Flashcards

Cestodes Flashcards

1
Q

Feature difference between trematodes and cestodes

A

blind ended gut = trematodes

no gut = cestodes

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2
Q

general features of cestodes

A
  • head =scolex
    • suckers +/- armed hooks
    • solid or hollow
    • rostellum -armed or unarmed & retractable or permenent
  • neck = differentiating zone
  • body segments = proglottids
    • mature proglottids at the end (reproductively mature)
  • no gut
    • mainly just reproductive system
  • metamorphosis
  • alternating hosts (cyst and adult forms)
    • cyst in IH (metacestode larval stage- in tissues ; pathogenic)
    • adult tapeworm in DH (taenia) - intestine, mostly non pathogenic
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3
Q

What are the 2 orders of Eucestoda

A

pseudophyllidea (aquatic LC; 2 IH)

Cyclophyllidea (terrestrial LC ; usually 1 IH)

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4
Q

What are the 2 groups of cyclophyllideans?

A
  1. non taeniids (herbavors, omnivores or carnivores as DH)
  2. taeniiids (always carnivorous DH) - important socioeconomically
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5
Q

What are 2 species of pseudophyllidea that are of veterinary importance

A

Diphylloborthrium latum

Spirometra erinacei

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6
Q

What are the species of Cyclophyllidea that are of veterinary importance?

A

Non Taeniids

  • Dipylidium caninum
  • Anoplocephala perforliata
  • Moniezia expansa & M. benedeni
  • Hymenolepis
  • Choanotaenia
  • Amoebotaenia
  • Raillietina
  • Davainea

Taeniids

  • Taenia & Echinococcus
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7
Q

What is the general LC of Pseudophyllidea?

A
  • aquatic
  • DH = carnivore/omnivore (fish eating animals)
  • egg excreted via uterine pore
  • coracidium (ciliated oncosphere)
  • IH
    • Procercoid >> 1 IH = invertebrate - water flea or cyclops
    • Plerocercoid >> 2 IH or PH = vertebrate - tadpole, water snakes
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8
Q

General LC of Non Taeniid Cyclophyllidea

A
  • terrestrial
  • DH = carnivore, omnivore, herbivore
  • egg from ruptured proglottid (apolysis)
  • oncosphere
  • cysticercoid >> IH = invertebrate/arthropod **fleas
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9
Q

General Life Cycle of Taeniid Cyclophllidea

A
  • terrestrial
  • DH: carnivore
  • egg via apolysis
  • oncosphere
  • IH: mammalian *mice/rats
    • cysticercus
    • coenurus
    • hydatid
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10
Q

What is the significance of larval cestodes in the intermediate host?

A
  • in tissues of mammals
  • economic losses
    • liver and heart condemnation
    • decrease pproductivity
  • human health
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11
Q

What is the clinical significance of adult cestodes in the DH

A

Mostly in SI and mostly NOT pathogenic

  • except horses (cecum impaction = colic) or birds or cats (dxa & vomitting)
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12
Q

What is the difference in reproductive systems bw pseudophyllidea and cyclophyllidea

A

pseudophyllidea -zipper worms

  • aquatic
  • 1 set of repro organs per proglottid
  • central uterine & genital pore
    • eggs shed into feces

cyclophyllidea

  • terrestrial
  • 1-2 sets of repro organs/proglottid
  • proglottids shed into feces - then rupture
  • lateral genital pore
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13
Q

proglottid morphology - L 11 slide 14

A
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14
Q

What are the egg differences bw pseudophyllidea and cyclophyllidea?

A

pseudophyllidea

  • aquatic- thin operculate
  • ciliated embryophore
  • eggs shed from the uterine pore and pass in the feces

cyclophyllidea

  • terrestrial - thick shell
  • eggs are released by rupture of the proglottid

BOTH have hexacanth embryophore

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15
Q

egg types - L11 slide 17

A
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16
Q

metacestode (larva) morphology - L11 slide 18

A

Pseudophyllideans (Spirometra/Diphylobothrium)

  • Procercoid
  • Plerocercoid

Cyclophyllideans (non taeniids)

  • Cysticercoid (Dipyliidium/ Hymenolepis)
    • double walled bladder cyst
    • IH = arthropod (flea) or another invertebrate

Cyclophyllideans (taeniids)

  • large fluid filled cycsts - “ bladder worms”
    • Cysticercus - protoscolex (T. hydatidgena) & (strobilocercus of Taenia taniaeformis)
    • Coenurus - protoscoleces (T. multiceps)
    • Hydatid - (Echinococcus)
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17
Q

metacestode morphology L 11 slide 19

A
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18
Q

metacestode morphology L11 slide 20

A
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19
Q

Metacestode morphology L 11 slide 21

A
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20
Q

Feature differences between Pseudophyllidian and Cyclophyllidian cestodes

A

Lecture 11 Slide 23

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21
Q

Pseudophyllidean features & facts (rapid fire 5 things)

A
  • 2IH - aquatic
    • procercoid - invertebrate IH
    • plerocercoid - vertebrate IH
  • DH - carnivore/omnivore
  • scolex w/ bothria
    • hold onto host w/vacuum
  • central uterine pore
    • operculate, thin shelled eggs shed in feces
  • proglottids detach in chains
    • diphyllobothrium
    • spirometra
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22
Q

Diphylobothrium LC

A
  • eggs passed in feces
  • coracidium ingested by copepod (1st IH)
  • procercoid ingested by freshwater fish (2nd IH)
    • procercoid > pleurocercoid in fish
  • fish ingested by DH
    • seal, human, dog, cat, bear, penguin
  • Adult tapeworm in SI
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23
Q

Where in the world do you see diphyllobothriasis?

A
  • alaska, canada, scandinavia, russia, japan and emerging in S. America
  • ingestion of pleurocercoid in raw/pickled marine + freshwater fish
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24
Q

What is the public health concern of diphyllobothria? (clin signs, control and treat)

A
  • tapeworm up to 10m in SI
  • clinical signs
    • asymptomatic or milk abdo discomfort to severe dxa and cramps
    • B12 deficiency > pernicious anaemia
  • control
    • cook for freeze fish >24h @20*
  • treat
    • praziquantel
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25
Q

Spirometra LC

A
  • eggs hatch in water
  • coracidium ingested by copepod –> procercoid in copepod IH
  • pleurocercoid develops in PH (frog, tadpole, snake)
  • DH (human, canid, felid) infected by:
    • ingestion of copepod containing procercoid
    • ingestion of uncooked meat/fish containing pleurocercoid
  • adult tapeworm in SI > unembryonated eggs shed in feces

PPP= 10-30d

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26
Q

What is the significance of infection w/ spirometra spp.?

A
  • common in feral, farm dogs, outdoor cats and foxes
  • asymptomatic
    • heavy infections +/- dxa weight loss
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27
Q

How do you diagnose pseudophyllidians?

A

Eggs

  • fecal floatation (>1.2)
  • tan, operuclate, unembryonated
    • spiro: elipsoidal eggs
    • diphy: round eggs

Pseudophyllidean tapeworm

  • scolex: bothria (flat muscular groove)
  • zipperworm ; central uterine pore
    • spiro: coiled uterus
    • diphy: rosette shaped uterus

Treat

  • praziquantel @ 30 mg/kg (normal dose 5mg/kg)
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28
Q

What is sparganosis?

A

the plerocercoid stage of spirometra develops and proliferares in the paratenic host and causes disease

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29
Q

What is the importance of sparganosis in QLD?

A
  • high prevelance in feral pigs - game meat industry losses
  • contribute to decline in frog populations
    • pleurocercoid migrates through tissue eventually embed in thigh mm
    • ulcers and necrosis
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30
Q

how do humans get sparganosis?

A

rare

  • drinking water (ingest copepod)
  • eat raw or undercooked paratenic host (frog, feral pig)
  • frog tissue eye poultice
  • puritic SC nodules
  • Treat –> praziquantel

**surgical removal

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31
Q

Rapid fire Cyclophyllideans - non taeniids

A
  • 5mm - 10cm in length
  • IH (invertebrate) - terrestrial
  • cysticercoid
  • scolex w/ suckers +/- armed
  • gravid proglottids shed, rupture to release eggs
  • DH = carnivore, herbivore, omnivore
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32
Q

What is the life cycle of the flea tapeworm?

A

Dipylidium caninum

  • proglottid ruptures releasing eggs (ID- eggs stick together)
  • eggs ingested by flea larvae
    • flea larvae > pupae> adult
  • adult flea (or louse in tropics) w/cysticercoid
  • flea ingested by DH
    • humans (kids around pets)
    • dogs/cats
  • gravid proglottids passed in feces

PPP= 2-3 wks

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33
Q

What are the diagnostic features of Dipylidium?

A
  • Adults 0.5m long
  • eggs in packets in fecal float (squeeze proglottid)
  • armed retractable rostellum
  • motile proglottid in feces or perineum area
  • barrel or rice shaped
  • paired repro organs & LATERAL genital pore opening

** history of fleas/flea control methods

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34
Q

Immature vs mature vs gravid proglottid - lecture 13 slide 8

A
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35
Q

How do you treat dipylidium caninum?

A
  • flea and lice treatment
  • praziquantel for tapeworm
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36
Q

What is the life cycle of Hymenolepis diminuta?

A
  • proglottids w/ infective egg passed in feces
    • direct infection with egg (h. nana)
  • ingested by arthropod IH
    • ​oncosphere hatches and pentrates intestinal wall
    • cysticercoid in flour beetle, fleas
  • human or rodent ingests arthropod w/ cysticercoid
  • adults in SI

PPP= 2 wks

Autoinfection

  • from gravid proglottid > oncosphere hatches before release to feces > develops to adult
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37
Q

What are the Hymenolepis spp. that infect humans and rodents?

A

H. nana and H. diminuta

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38
Q

What is the Hymenolepis sp. that infects chickens? what is the IH?

A

H. carioca

IH= stomoxys, beetles

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39
Q

Under what conditions do you have infection w/ Hymenolepis spp? What are the clincial signs?

A
  • poor sanitary conditions, wet tropics
  • usually asymptomatic
    • large burdens = dxa +/- weight loss
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40
Q

What are the features of an Hymenolepis egg? H. nana vs. H. diminuta?

L. 13 slide 12

A

H. nana

  • thin outer memebrane
  • polar bodies w/ filaments
  • hexacanth

H. diminuta

  • thick outer membrane
  • hexacanth
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41
Q

How can you diagnose an adult Hymenolepis? H. nana vs H. diminuta?

A
  • genital pores unilateral
  • mature proglottids wider than long - flat
  • 3 testes in a row
  • rostellum - single row of hooks

H. nana - dwarf tapeworm (4-10cm)

H. diminuta - (30-60 cm)

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42
Q

How do you identify poultry tape worms?

A

scolex allows differentiation as well as length

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43
Q

What are poultry tapeworms and their IH? (L13- slide 14)

A
  • Raillitina <25 cm
    • IH= arthropods (ants, grasshoppers, beetles)
  • Choanotaenia <20 cm
    • IH= arthropods (houseflies, beetles)
  • Hymenolepis <8cm
    • IH= arthropods (beetles)
  • Davainea <4 mm (round proglottid)
    • IH = slugs
  • Amoebotaenia <4mm (square progottid)
    • IH= earthworms

** bold = pathogenic

44
Q

Differences b/w Davainea & Ameobotaenia (both 4mm)

A

Davainea - pathogenic

  • 4-9 segments
  • rostellum = 80-90 hooks
  • armed suckers
  • eggs 35 x 55 clear

Amoebotaenia

  • 14-20 segments
  • rostellum = 12-14 hooks
  • unarmed suckers
  • small eggs w/granular membrane
45
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Davainea?

A
  • Attach deeply into each intestinal villi (esp. duodenum)
  • Sudden massive infection
    • hemorrhagic enteritis
    • intestinal necrosis
    • death of young birds
  • chronic infections
    • reduced weight gain
    • decreased egg production
    • emaciation
46
Q

Differences bw Raillietina v. Choanotaenia v. Hymenolepis

A
47
Q

What clincial signs do you see with a Raillietina infection? What sp. produces SI nodules? Who is the most susceptible?

A

R. echinobothrida

  • clin signs
    • catarrhal enteritis - mucoid
    • caseous nodules on walls of posterior SI
  • young birds susceptible
  • IH= ants/beetles
48
Q

How fo you treat a Railletina infection in a poultry flock? Why is it difficult to control?

A
  • not common infection in intensive systems
  • hard to control intermediate host
    • mostly a problem in semi-intensive/outdoor
    • cant do much to the infected flock
      • new pullets should be put on a quicklime treated pasture
  • Treat
    • praziquantel
    • niclosamide, BZs (oxfendazole)
    • cant eat eggs for 2-3 wks
49
Q

What cyclophyllidean -non taeniid infects equids? What is the prevelence in Victoria? What is the LC?

A

Anoplocephala perfoliata - 30-40% in VIC

  • egg thick shelled and rugged –> oncosphere
    • cysticercoid in orbatid pasture mite –> ingested by horse
      • adults in iliocecal junction and cecum (pear shaped)

PPP= 4-6 wks

50
Q

What is the significance of Anoplocephala perfoliata in horses?

A
  • reliance on MLs - increase prevalence and burden
  • ulceration & thickening (chronic)
  • dxa - iliocecal intussusception
  • ill-thrift, anemia (chronic inflam- colic)
51
Q

how do you diagnose Anoplocephala spp in horses?

A
  • fecal float
    • D shaped egg - pyriform apparatus
  • Serology
  • ELISA
  • Adult ID
    • A. magna - up to 80cm
    • A. perfoliata - 4-8cm
      • lappets
    • Paranoplocephala mamillana - vv tiny
52
Q

How do you treat horses with a tapeworm infection?

A
  • regular dose of praziquantel
    • late winter : to ensure free of tapeworm prior to emergence of pasture mites in spring
  • Pyrantel pamoate - effective agains Anoplocephala spp only
  • reduce stocking rates
  • pasture rotation
  • quarantine & tx introduced horses
53
Q

What is the tapeworm of ruminants?

A
  • Moneizia spp
54
Q

What is the LC of Moneizia?

A
  • eggs passed in feces
  • eggs ingested by IH (orbatid pasture mite)
  • cysticercoid develops in IH
  • DH infected when eats mite
  • adults found in SI - nonpathogenic

Sheep = M. expansa

Catle = benedeni

55
Q

How do you diagnose Moniezia spp. in ruminants?

A
  • non pathogenic
  • 2-6m
  • v heavy infections > ill thrift, dxa, obstructions
  • M. benedeni
    • glands in center
  • M. expansa
    • interproglottid glands along the length
  • Sengments are broader than long & interproglottid gland variation
  • Egg
    • triangular w/ pyriform apparatus
56
Q

Characteristics of Taeniidae

A
  • 3mm-10m in length
  • DH carnivore or humans (SI adult tapeworm)
  • IH mammal (herb/omn) - fluid filled cysts
    • cysticercus, coenurus, strobiocercus, hydatid (echinococcus)
  • gravid proglottids shed rupture to release eggs
57
Q

What are the 2 main differences bw taeniids and non-taeniids?

A

Non-taeniids

  • IH - Invertebrates (cysticeroid)
  • DH - Carn, Omn, Herb

Taeniids

  • IH - Mammalian
  • DH - Carn, Omn
58
Q

Name the stages of the Taeniid LC? What are the possibe metacestode outcomes?

A
  • Striated eggs released (hexacanth - morphologically indistinguishable)
  • ingested by mammalian IH (months to years)
  • fluid filled cysts in tissues (site & host specific)
    • cysticercus
    • coenurus
    • strobilocercus
    • hydatid

-ingested by carnivorous DH (PPP= 5-10 w)

59
Q

What taenia DH in humans - what is the metacetode stage & what is the predilection site?

A

Cysticerus

  • T. solium (IH- pig) - predilection = mm(heart, diaphragm, tounge, masseter, BRAIN)
  • T. saginata (IH - cow “zoonotic beef measles”) - predilection = mm (heart, diaphragms, tongue & masseter)
  • IH -humans
60
Q

What taenia DH in dogs - what is the metacetode stage & predilection site?

A

Cysticerus

  • T. ovis (IH- sheep)- predilection= mm (heart, diaphragm, masseter)
  • T. hydatigena ( IH- sheep, cows, pigs)- predilection= peritoneum
  • T. pisiformis (IH- rabbits) - predilection= liver & peritoneum

Coenurus

  • T. multiceps (IH- sheep, cows & humans) -predilection= cranial cavity
  • T. serialis (IH- rabbits) - predilection= intermuscular & subcutaneous tissue
61
Q

What taenia DH in cats - what is the metacetode stage

A

T. taeniaformis (IH- rats) - predilection= liver

Cysticerus

62
Q

What echinococcus spp DH in dogs - what is the metacetode stage

A

Alveolar hydatid

  • E. multilocularis (rats & humans)

Cyctic hydatid

  • E. granulosus (low IH specificity *hard to control- sheep, pigs, cows, humans)
63
Q

What is the lifecyle of the pork tapeworm (LC w/ both IH)? Whis is a concern?

A

Taenia solium = food borne zoonosis

IH = pig

  • pig ingest eggs from human poo > cysticerci in mm
  • DH= human ingests cysticercus in pork meat > adult tapeworm in SI
  • gravid proglottid released in human feces

IH = human

  • human ingests egg from human poo (HAND HYGIENE)
  • cysticerci in tissue (predilection brain > neurocysticercosis)
64
Q

Where is ther a high- mod presence of Taenia solium?

A
  • eastern eu
  • south & central america
  • africa
  • SE asia, india & china
65
Q

Why is poverty a risk factor for cysticercosis?

A
  • cant afford to feed pigs grain = scavenge
  • human outdoor defication
  • lack of vet meat inspection
  • human dietary practices - smoking or eating raw meat
  • lack personal hygiene (soap, clean water)
66
Q

What are the clinical features of human cysticercosis?

A
  • delayed onset of clinical signs - 10-15 yrs
    • chronic cyst - inflam response due to degenerating cysts
  • severity depends on location & intensity
    • mm - asymptomatic +/- puritic
    • brain/SC - syncope (fainting), seizures etc
67
Q

How does meat inspection help contol cysticercosis? Why can it be unsuscessful in poor nations?

A
  • meat condemnation
    • inspect heart, diaphragm, tongue ( likes metabolically active tissues)
  • unsucessful bc economic (infected carcasses 1/3 price), black market trading & home slaugter (will sell regardless)
68
Q

What kind of farmer education should be given to prevent cysticercosis infection?

A
  • keep pigs confined - sustainable
  • defecate indoors - no “night soil” & qiuck lime treat latrines
  • eat well cooked pork
69
Q

How do you treat human w/ cysticercosis?

A

praziquantel - doesnt kill only detach & contaminates the ground

(risk to people w. cysts in brain bc mass degeneration increases antigen release and increase risk of seizures)

70
Q

How do you treat pigs w. cysticercosis?

A

oxfendazole

71
Q

What is the life cycle of beef measles?

A

Taenia saginata

  • egg ingested by cattle on pasture > cysticerus (heart, masseter, tongue) ingested by human > adult in SI
72
Q
A

Taenia ovis - sheep measles

73
Q
A

Taenia hydatigenia - immature (mature cysticerci are in the peritoneum)

74
Q

What can taenia hydatigena be associated with in sheep?

A
  • black disease
75
Q

What is this cestode attached to the omentum of a cow/sheep?

A

taenia hydatigena

76
Q
A

T. pisiformis

77
Q

What is the DH?

A

Cats - T. taeniaeformis

78
Q

What are the clinical signs of Taenia taeniaeformis in rodents?

A
  • heptic sarcoma
  • predispose neoplasia > fibrotic changes
79
Q

What taeniidae causes gid? What are the clinical signs & where is this a common problem?

A

neurocoenurosis = Taenia multiceps - coenurus in the cranial cavity

  • important in mediterranean, eurasia & africa
  • in sheep, goats, cattle & humans
  • clin signs
    • progressive 6-8 mo
    • incoordination
    • head pushing
    • blindness
80
Q

How can you diagnose taenia in the DH?

A
  • Taenia & Echinococcus eggs are identical
  • v. lengthy- meters
  • armed rostellum on scolex w/ double row of hooks (except T. saginata not hooked)
  • unpaired reproductive organs open unilaterally
81
Q

Characteristics of Echinococcus spp

A
  • 2-5 mm of 3-5 segments
  • DH carnivore (canid, fox)
  • IH mammal (herb/omn)
  • hydatid cysts
  • scolex with 4 suckers & armed
  • gravid proglottids shed - rupture to release eggs
82
Q

What is the LC of echinococcus?

A
  • Striated eggs (morphologically identical to taenia)
  • hydatid cysts in tissues of mammalian IH - (offal - lungs, kidneys, brain, spleen)
    • v high asexual budding w.in cyst
  • Carnivorous DH ingests > adult in SI
  • PPP= 5-10 wks
83
Q

What is the species of Echinococcus that is in AU & has the most zoonotic potenital? Who is the DH & IH?

A

Echinococcus granulosus

  • IH= sheep (cattle, pigs, camels, goars, macropods…humans )
  • DH = dog, fox, dingo
84
Q

What is another zoonotic echinococcus spp that isnt in AUS?

A

E. multiocularis

85
Q

What are the main differences bw E. granulosus & E. multiocularis (DH, IH, metacestode, predilection & distribution)

A

E. granulosus

  • DH - dog, dingo, wild canids (sylvatic & domestic)
  • IH - non-carnivorous hosts & humans
  • Metacestode - unilocular hydatid (slow growth, non invasive- protoscolex grows w.in cyst)
  • Predilection- anywhere - esp liver, lungs, brain
  • Distribution - WW (inc AU)

E. multiocularis

  • DH - fox, wild canids (sylvatic only)
  • IH - rodents & humans
  • Metacestode - alveolar hydatid (fast growing, invasive - external budding)
  • Predilection- anywhere - esp lungs or liver >> metastatic
  • Distribution - Northern Hemi (RU, USA, CA, CHN)
86
Q

What does echinococcosis mean?

A

canid (DH) infected w adult

87
Q

What is the nomenclature used when the IH is infected with echinococcus metacestodes?

A
  • cystic (uniocular) echinococcosis
  • alveolar (multilocular) echinococcosis
  • hydatid disease
88
Q

Lung of a wallaby- what would the appearance of the cyst look like if it burst?

A

Unilocular hydatid cysts (E. granulosus) - each cyst dependent on the ingestion of 1 egg

  • if burst: the hydatid cyst would have a sandy appearance (protoscolex)
89
Q

What is this taeniidae and what is the cyst called?

A

E. multilocularis - multilocular (alveolar) hydatid cysts

90
Q

What is the epidemiology of echinococcus in AUS - sylvatic/domestic cycles

A

IH : sheep & wallaby (hard to control)

DH: dogs & dingo (hard to control)

PPP= 5-6w

91
Q

When and how was echinococcus granulosus introducedto AU?

A

1800s during european colonization - sheep/dogs >> adapted to native/feral wildlife (sheep farmers fed dogs offal)

92
Q

how was echinococcus granulosus eradicated from Tasmania

A
  • no feral dogs
  • stop feeeding offal
  • treat w/ praziquanel ever 4-5 wks
  • burn poo- need to kill the proglottids & eggs before getting on pasture
93
Q

is hydatid dz notifiable in australia?

A

no - not since 2000

94
Q

What are the sources of echinococcus infection?

A
  • eggs resitance in environement (2y) - like cold environment
    • contaminated food, water, soil (wash veg well)
  • eggs stick to dogs coat
    • direct contract w infected dog
  • low income, poor sanitation & hygiene, lack of vet
  • feeding offal to dogs/rural communities
95
Q

What is the economic significance? What are the clinical signs in the DH?

A

Echinococcus spp

  • no clin signs in DH
  • livestock
    • organ condemnation >> dog food (high T canned food)
    • production efects in dairy herds
96
Q

What is the public health significance of Echinococcus - hydatid dz?

A
  • prolonged incubation (5-15 yr)
  • asymptomatic - calcified cyst incidental
  • dz results form cyst pressure on adjacent organs (liver, lung, brain)
  • anaphylaxis - if cyst fluid leaks into body cavity (sandy w protoscolecies)
97
Q

What imaging techniques would you use to detect hydatid dz?

A

Xray, CT, MRI, US

98
Q

What could you treat hydatid dz with?

A

chemotherapy & sugical intervention

99
Q

You visit an abattoir and while assisting the meat inspector, get hydatid fluid from a cattle liver splashed all over your hands, face and mouth…what do you do

A

You wash off > not a host

100
Q

What advice could you give on controlling/prevention of hydatid dz?

A
  • basic hygiene - hand washing
  • dont feed offal to dogs - cooked or deep frozen
  • do not leave dead carcasses of roos, wallabies in the bush
  • wash fruit & vegetables well
101
Q

what anthelmintic treatment do you give dogs w. echinococcosis?

A
  • praziquantel q4-6 wks & burn the feces over next 24-48 hrs
  • diagnosis - fecal float w no eggs - shed proglottids
102
Q

is there a vaccine against ovine cystic echinococcosis?

A

yes but not cost effective and or commercially available

103
Q

Echinococcus multilocularis - how do you diagnose?

A
  • necropsy
    • scrape SI (hundreds)
      • 4-6 mm 3-5 segments
    • take care not to ingest gravid proglottids (even after freezing - they like cold)
    • anterior end w/ suckers in the crypts of lieberkuehn
      • no protective immunity
      • no ill effects in canids
104
Q
A

A. E. granulosus

B. E. multilocularis

105
Q

What is this egg? how do you get a specific diagnosis?

A

Taeniid egg in feces

  • ELISA- target excretory-secretory antigens of adult worms
  • PCR

Parasitology (5 decks)

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