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Platyhelminths > Cestodes > Flashcards

Cestodes Flashcards

1
Q

What is T saginata associated with?

A

Undercooked beef

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2
Q

What are some characteristics of T Saginata?

A 
More than 15 lateral branches
 10 meters in length
No hooks
Lives in Upper Jejunum
Ingested eggs become oncospheres which travel to muscle
Larvae, not eggs cause disease
Life expectancy 2 to 3 years
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3
Q

What are some characteristics of T. Solium?

A

Less than 12 lateral branches

Eggs are infectious

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4
Q

What disease is caused by T Solium?

A

Cysticercosis

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5
Q

What does Cysticercosis usually effect?

A

Most commonly the CNS, but the skin, muscle and eyes can also be affected.

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6
Q

What are CNS manifestations of Cysticercosis?

A

Parenchymal and extraparenchymal lesions of terminal vessel inflammation release cytokines which can cause both mass effect and seizures

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7
Q

What are the 4 stages of Neurocysticercosis?

A
  1. Viable Cyst with invaginated scolex- 3mos
  2. Initial Inflammation with Colloidal Granular and thick wall 3 to 5 years
  3. Degenerating 1 month
  4. Calcified Parasite with intense gliosis 2 mos to 1 year
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8
Q

How is Neurocysticercosis diagnosed?

A

CT or MRI. Western Blot. Serum better than CSF

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9
Q

How is Neurocysticercosis treated?

A

Treat for seizures especially in stage 4
Prednisone 1mg/kg /day for 14 days, begin 2 days prior to Albendazole
Albendazole for 14 days if a cystic and enhancing lesion
Albendazole for 28 days if extraparenchymal
Do not treat calcified lesions
Surgical intervention I f compression of Ventricles or eyes occur

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10
Q

What causes Echinococcal disesase?

A

The larval stage of the worm

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11
Q

What are the types of Echinococcal disease?

A

Granulosus(Cystic Hydatid) and Multilocularis

( Alveolar Hydatid)- look for hooks

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of echinococcal infection?

A

Sylvatic-Dogs or WIld Animals

Pastoral- WIld or domestic Dogs

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13
Q

How is the disease spread?

A

Humans ingest eggs.

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14
Q

What occurs after the eggs are ingested?

A

The eggs give rise to a cyst. The cyst wall is laminated with the inner layer being germinal. This gives rise to larvae. The slow growing cyst acts like a cancer.

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15
Q

How is the disease diagnosed?

A

The Hydatid antigen Skin test and the serology which cross reacts with cysticercosis.

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16
Q

What is the treatment for this disease?

A 
Puncture
Aspirate
Inject with 
95% Ethanol/HypertonicSaline/Formaldehyde+ Albendazole, Steroids and Antihistamines
Reaspirate
17
Q

What are the two classes of cestodes?

A

Pseudophyllidea-2 longitudinal sucking grooves

Cyclophyllidea- Circularsuckers

18
Q

Cysticercosis and Echinococcus are not caused by adult cestodes. What are they caused by?

A

Larvae

19
Q

How do cestodes nourish themselves?

A

Nutrient absorption through the skin.

20
Q

What cestode does not have an intermediate host?

A

H. Nana

21
Q

What is the sexual orientation of cestodes?

A

They are hermaphrodites.

22
Q

What are some facts about Diphyllobothrium Latum?

A

15 meters long
Proglottids are wider than long ergo Broad Tapeworm
Found in Salmon, Pike, Perch, Turbot, Gefillte Fish, Sushi, Sashimi, Ceviche.

23
Q

What is the life cycle of D. Latum?

A

The tape worm attaches to the Jejunum. Proglottids give rise to eggs which are passed by humans.The eggs give rise to Coracidia which then enter fish. these give rise to Larvae which are ingested by humans. The larva matures into a tapeworm.

24
Q

What are the sx of D. Latum infection?

A

Cramping, weight loss, B12 deficiency, sx related to biliary tree or colon.

25
Q

How is D. Latum diagnosed?

A

Stool exam. eggs are opercular and have an abopercular knob and have no embryo inside.Tapeworm proglottids when injected with india ink look like Chinese Characters or rosettes.

26
Q

What other eggs are operculated and what are their sizes?

A

Clonorchis Sinensis- 30um- Fluke
D. Latum-60um- tapeworm
Paragonimus Westermani-90um Fluke
Fasciola Hepatica- 120um Fluke

27
Q

How is D. Latum prevented?

A

Freezing to -180 degrees for 24hrs or -10 degrees C for 72 hrs.

28
Q

What is the appearance of the proglottids of Dipyllidium Caninum?

A

They look like grains of rice or cucumber seeds. They can be mistaken for mucous strands. Look for hooklets in eggs.

29
Q

Where does D. Caninum reside?

A

The Small Intestine.

30
Q

How is the infection transmitted?

A

Fleas containing larvae bite dogs/humans. The larvae mature and become tapeworms.

31
Q

What are some characteristics of H. Nana infection?

A

Most common cestode to infect humans
Passes from human to human
Humans ingest eggs or larvae
Beetles can be an intermediate

32
Q

What is the treatment for cestodes?

A

Praziquantel for adult worms

Albendazole for Larval forms

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