Cestodes Flashcards
CN Hymenolepis diminuta
Rat tapeworm
CN diphyllobothrium latium
Broad tapeworm/ fish tapeworm
proglottids taenia saginata
1000-4000
Apolysis; in single
Length of adult: dipyllidium caninum
10-70cm
Final host: raillietina garrisoni
Rat
Egg: Taenia solium
Spherical, striated, thick embryophore surrounding a hexacanth embryo (30 000 - 50 000 eggs per proglottid)
Pathology hymenolepis nana
Intstinal irritation (enteritis) Pruritis: nose and anus Diarrhea Anorexia Abdominal pain
Diagnosis H. Diminuta
Stool exam: egg, scolex
Scolex echinococcus granulosus
Pyriform: 4 cuplike suckers
ARMED: rostellum with 30-36 hooks
Intermediate host: raillietina garrisoni
Flour beetle: Tribolium confusum
Pathology: diphyllobothrium latum
Bothriocephalus
Anemia due to vit b12 deficiency (megaloblastic anemia)
Mature/gravid segment: taenia solium
7-15 lateral branches (dendritic or fingerlike)
Mature/gravid segment: echinococcus granulosus
Midline uterus with Taenia-like egg
Intermediate host: diphyllobothrium latum
1st: Cyclops
Diaptomus
2nd: Fish (perch, pike, salmon, trout)
Pathology: echinococcus granulosus
Liver cyst: jaundice
Lung cyst: bloody sputum
Brain cyst: epilepsy
Diagnosis: diphyllobothrium latum
Stool exam
Gastric analysis
Pernicious anemia –achlorhydria
Raw fish diet + pernicious anemia
Intermediate host: Hymenolepis nana
With or without
Indirect cycle: flour beetle
Rice beetle
tenebrio sp
Final host: D. Latum
Man/dog/cat
CN: taenia solium
Pork tapeworm
Pathology: Dipylidium caninum
Intestinal discomfort Epigastric pain Diarrhea Anal pruritus allergic rxns
CN: Taenia saginata
Beef tapeworm
Mature segment: H. Nana
3 testes + 1 ovary (in straight line)
1 uterus
Pathology: Taenia saginata
Epigastric pain
Perianal itching
Obstruction: intestine, bile duct, appendix
Intermediate host: Dipylidium caninum
Dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis) Cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) Human flea ( Pulex irritans)
Diagnosis: raillietina garrisoni
Stool exam: ova, gravid segment
Infective stage: taenia solium
Cysticercus cellulosae ( bladderworm)
IH: H. diminuta
Fleas Cockroaches Beetles Earwigs Mealworms
Length of adult: H. Diminuta
10-60 cm
Final host: taenia solium
Man (if eggs are ingested)
Pathology: taenia solium
Measly pork - infected meat Intestinal infection Neurocysticercosis Verminous epilepsy Ocular epilepsy
of proglottids: D. Caninum
200
Final host: H. nana
Man(DH or IH)
Scolex: D. Latum
Spoon shaped
Almond shaped
Spatulate shaped
With 2 bothria
Infective stage: D. caninum
Cysticercoid
CN Echinococcus granulosus
Hydatid worm
Diagnosis: Taenia solium
Stool exam: eggs/scolex/segment India ink stain CSF analysis CAT/ MRI Ophthalmoscopy Serolofy: ELISA
Egg: R. garrisoni
200-400 egg capsules with 1-4 spindle shaped eggs
IH: E. granulosus
Man (accidental) Sheep/ ox Horse Goat Camel
Egg: H. Diminuta
Spherical/ circular
Outher shell: thick
Inner shell: thin
Bipolar thickenings with no polar filaments (fried egg appearance)
of proglottidsTaenia solium
800-1000
Apolysis: in chain
Treatment: e. Granulosus
Surgical resection
Albendazole
PAIR intervention
Length of adult: Taenia solium
2-4 meters
IH: Taenia saginata
Cattle
Cow
Egg: E. Granulosus
Subspherical with radially striated embryophore (Taenia like egg)
Mature segment: T. Saginata
15-20 lateral branches (dichotomous or tree-like)
Infective stage: E. granulosus
Hydatid cyst
Embryonated ova
Man as accidental final host
H. Diminuta and d. Caninum
Classification
Order pseudophyllidea and Order cyclophyllidea
Egg: D. latum
Oval
Operculated( inconspicuous operculum)
Knoblike thickening opposite the operculum
Immature
Infective stage: R. Garrisoni
Cysticercoid
MOT
Ingestion/ autoreinfection
Diagnosis: taenia saginata
Stool exam: eggs/ scolex/ segment
India ink stain
Perisnala swabs
Egg: H. Nana
Spherical or subspherical
Outher shell: thin
Inner shell: thick
Bipolar thickenings arising 4-8 hairlike polar filaments
Final host: taenia saginata
Man
Effective therapy:
recovery of scolex in stool and (-) stool exam 3 mos. after treatment
Diagnosis: e. Granulosus
X-ray Ultrasonography Exploratory cyst puncture Immunologic test: Casoni ID test CF/BFT/IHA
of proglottids: r. Garrisoni
About 5000
Infective stage: d. Latum
Plerocercoid or Sparganum
Mature segment: D. latum
Highly coiled uterus (rosette uterus)
Symmetrical
Bilobed ovary
Mature segment: D. caninum
Bilateral genital pore
Melon shaped, Rice granule, Pumpkin
Paratenic host: D. latum
Carnivorous fish
Egg: Taenia saginata
Spherical, striated
Thick embryophore surrounding a hexacanth embryo (97 000-124 000 egger proglottid)
Scolex: taenia scolium
Globular
4 cuplike suckers
ARMED: rostellum with 25-30 hooks
CN C. nana
Dwarf tapeworm
Diagnosis: D. caninum
Stool exam: eggs, scolex, proglottids
Stool exam not recommended: gravid proglottids do not disintegrate within the small intestine but in environment
Length of adult: D. Latum
3-10 meters
IH: Taenia solium
Pigs
Pathology: H. diminuta
Clinical manifestations are minimal and nonspecific
Diagnosis: H. nana
Stool exam: eggs
Proglottids not recovered bec. of degeneration prior to passage with stool
Length of adult: E. granulosus
3-6 mm
Egg: dipylidium caninum
Egg capsule with 8-15 eggs. Eggs are spherical, thin shelled with hexacanth embryo
Infective stage: H. nana
Cysticercoid
Embryonated ova
(Direct cycle)
CN: D. caninum
Double pored dog tapeworm
Scolex: H. Diminuta
Club or knob shaped
4 cuplike suckers
UNARMED: no rostellar hooks
of proglottids: H. Nana
175-200
Pathology: R. garrisoni
Usually asymptomatic
Man is an unsuitable host for this parasite
Infective stage: taenia saginata
Cysticercus bovis
Scolex: R. garrisoni
Subglobular:
4 cuplike suckers
Armed: 90-140 hammershaped hooks
Final host: H. diminuta
Rat/man( accidental)
Man as accidental final host
H. Diminuta and D. Caninum
Of proglottids: d. Latum
Up to 4000
Final host: d. Caninum
Dog/man (accidental)
Mature segment: h. Diminuta
3 testes+ 1ovary (in straight line)
1 uterus
Infective stage: H. Diminuta
Cysticercoid
Scolex: e. Granulosus
PYRIFORM
4 cuplike suckers
ARMED: rostellum with 30-36 hooks
Length of adult: taenia saginata
4-10 meters (25m)
Man as accidental IH
E. Granulosus
Final host: e. Granulosus
Dogs
Scolex: taenia saginata
Cuboidal
4 cuplike suckers
UNARMED: no rostellar hooks
Cn: r. Garrisoni
Common rat tapeworm
Mature segment r. Garrisoni
Bilobed ovary surrounded by 36-50 ovoid testes
Rice grain shape gravid proglottid
Scolex: H. Nana
Subglobular
4 cuplike suckers
Armed: rostellum with 20-30 hooks
of proglottids: h. diminuta
800-1300
of proglottids: E. granulosus
3
1 immature
1 mature
1 gravid
Habitat
Small intestine
Scolex: d. caninum
Globular: 4 cuplike suckers
Armed: 1-7 rows rosethorn hooklets
Autoinfection
T. solium and H. nana