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PARASITOLOGY > CESTODES > Flashcards

CESTODES Flashcards

1
Q

Cestodes is aka

A

tapeworms

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2
Q

shape of cestodes

A

flat / ribbon-like, segmented

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3
Q

color of cestodes

A

white, yellowish

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4
Q

cestodes are monoecious (Hermaphroditic) w/ well-developed _____

A

reproductive organs

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5
Q

requires more than 1 host

A

heteroxenous

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6
Q

can be heteroxenous or monoxenous [DH]

A

Hymenolepis nana

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7
Q

Outer covering of cestodes

A

tegument

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8
Q

Where cestodes acquire nutrients and excrete waste as they have no digestive system

A

tegument

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9
Q

habitat of adult cestodes

A

small intestine

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10
Q

habitat of larva cestodes

A

tissues of IH

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11
Q

MOT of cestodes

A

oral route

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12
Q

eggs of cestodes

A

non-operculated and mature (embryonated)

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13
Q

cestode life cycle

A

Egg → Larva → Adult

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14
Q

attachment organ; attaches to small intestinal lining

A

Scolex / Head

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15
Q

shape of adult cestodes

A

globular, pyriform,
spoon-like

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16
Q

adult cestodes are quadrate with 4 cuplike ____

A

suckers/grooves/acetabulum

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17
Q

Fleshy extension of scolex (crown area)

A

rostellum

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18
Q

Seen in globular and/or pyriform

A

rostellum

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19
Q

rostellum is seen in globular and/or pyriform except ____

A

Taenia saginata

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20
Q

has hooklets

A

armed

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21
Q

no hooklets present

A

unarmed

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22
Q

armed adult cestodes

A
  • Taenia solium
  • Hymenolepis nana
  • Dipylidium caninum
  • Echinococcus granulosus
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23
Q

unarmed adult cestodes

A
  • Taenia saginata (no hooklet, no rostellum)
  • Hymenolepis diminuta (no hooklet, with rostellum)
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24
Q

spoon-like cestodes

A

Absence of rostellum

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25
Q

adult cestodes region of growth

A

neck

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26
Q

consists of germinative tissues

A

neck

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27
Q

aka budding zone

A

neck

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28
Q

aka proglottids

A

segments

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29
Q

chain of proglottids/segments

A

strobila

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30
Q

Types of Proglottids

A
  • immature
  • mature
  • gravid/ripe
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31
Q

Types of Proglottids nearest to the neck

A

immature

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32
Q

growth is on the neck; the farther from the neck, it is an ______

A

older segment

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33
Q

has developed reproductive structures

A

mature

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34
Q

mature cestodes have:

A
  • 1 testis
  • 2 ovaries
  • 1 genital pore
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35
Q

mature Taenia solium

A

contains third ovary (accessory ovarian tube)

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36
Q

matured Dipylidium caninum

A

1 testis, 2 ovaries and 2 genital pore

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37
Q

2 genital pores of Dipylidium caninum are located ___

A

bilaterally (bilateral genital pore)

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38
Q

matured, filled with egg

A

gravid/ripe

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39
Q

have more matured reproductive structures

A

gravid/ripe

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40
Q

false tapeworm

A

PSEUDOPHYLLIDEAN

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41
Q

PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA species

A
  • Diphyllobothrium latum (one medically important)
  • Spirometra spp.
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42
Q

PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA scolex shape

A

Spoon, spatula or almond-shaped

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43
Q

PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA scolex suckers

A

w/ bothria / sucking
grooves

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44
Q

PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA scolex rostellum

A

no hooklets

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45
Q

PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA strobila shedding

A

Anapolytic (not shedding segments)

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46
Q

PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA strobila pores

A

Uterine pore and genital
pore (centrally)

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47
Q

PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA gravid proglottid

A

All reproductive
structures are seen

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48
Q

PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA ova

A

Oval, operculated,
immature

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49
Q

PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA 1st larval stage

A

Coracidium

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50
Q

PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA 2nd larval stage

A

Procercoid

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51
Q

PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA 3rd larval stage

A

Plerocercoid / Sparganum

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52
Q

PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA 1st intermediate host

A

Crustaceans
(Copepods, Cyclops)

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53
Q

PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA 2nd intermediate host

A

Freshwater fishes

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54
Q

true tapeworm

A

CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN

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55
Q

CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN species

A
  • T. solium
  • T. saginata
  • D. caninum
  • H. nana
  • H. diminuta
  • E. granulosus
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56
Q

CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN scolex shape

A

globular, pyriform

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57
Q

CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN scolex suckers

A

quadrate

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58
Q

CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN scolex rostellum

A

Some w/ rostellum (w/
or w/o hooklets)

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59
Q

CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN strobila shedding

A

apolytic

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60
Q

CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN strobila pores

A

Only genital pore
(laterally)

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61
Q

CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN gravid proglottid

A

Only uterus seen in
diff. shapes / pattern

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62
Q

CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN ova

A

Hexacanth embryo /
Oncosphere: spherical, nonoperculated, embryonated, w/
hooklets

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63
Q

CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN larval stages

A

Cysticercus, Cysticercoid,
Hydatid

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64
Q

CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN intermediate host

A

None to one intermediate host

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65
Q

all require IH in CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN except ____

A

Hymenolepis nana

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66
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Most medically important sp. under Pseudophyllidea

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67
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum common name

A
  • Broad Fish Tapeworm
  • Fish Tapeworm
  • Broad Tapeworm
  • Russian Broad Tapeworm
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68
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum new name

A

Dibothriocephalus latus

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69
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum habitat

A

small intestine

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70
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum diagnostic stage

A

egg/scolex

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71
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum infective stage

A

Plerocercoid larva / Sparganum

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72
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum 1st intermediate host

A

copepods (cyclops, diaptomus)

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73
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum 2nd intermediate host

A

freshwater fish (small fishes)

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74
Q

MOT Diphyllobothriasis

A

Ingestion of 2nd intermediate host infected with plerocercoid

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75
Q

MOT Sparganosis

A
  • presence of sparganum
  • ingestion of 1st intermediate host infected with procercoid larva (2nd larval stage)
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76
Q

DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM adult worm length

A

3-10 m

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77
Q

DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM adult worm is mistaken with ____

A

Spirometra spp.

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78
Q

DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM adult worm scolex

A
  • Spatulate/Spoon/ Almond-shape
  • Has 2 bothrium / slit-like sucking organ
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79
Q

DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM adult worm uterus

A

Rosette-like appearance

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80
Q

DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM adult worm strobila

A
  • Up to 4000 proglottids
  • Have uterine pore and genital pore
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81
Q

DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM OVA .

A

unembryonated

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82
Q

DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM OVA:
______ on one end and ______ on opposite / abopercular end

A

Operculum; terminal knob

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83
Q

DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM OVA with _____ coracidium

A

underdeveloped

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84
Q

DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM OVA is mistaken with _____

A

Paragonimus spp. ova

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85
Q

Pathology:
Diphyllobothriasis

A
  • Ingestion of 2nd IH (fishes) w/ plerocercoid (L3)
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86
Q

Pathology:
Sparganosis

A

Ingestion of 1st IH (copepods) infected w/ procercoid
larva (L2)

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87
Q

Adult may take up large amount of Vitamin B12

A

Tapeworm Anemia / Bothriocephalus Anemia

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88
Q

important for RBC maturation and
hematopoiesis, esp. erythropoiesis

A

vitamin B12

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89
Q

Intake of Vit. B12 by D. latum prevents _____ of
RBCs

A

maturation

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90
Q

Tapeworm Anemia / Bothriocephalus Anemia:
_______, _________ anemia

A

Marcocytic, megaloblastic

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91
Q

Tapeworm Anemia / Bothriocephalus Anemia
sometimes demonstrates _____

A

pernicious anemia

92
Q

patients with pernicious anemia lacks __

A

intrinsic factor

93
Q

produces intrinsic factor

A

gastric mucosa

94
Q

responsible for absorption of vit. B12 from food intake

A

intrinsic factor

95
Q

absence of gastric acid

A

Achlorhydria

96
Q

stool examination tests for DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM

A
  • direct fecal smear
  • kato technique (kato katz)
97
Q

stool examination for DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM

A

look for eggs or scolex (never look for segments )

98
Q

Gastric juice examination

A
  • Measure amt. of free HCl in gastric juice
99
Q

gastric juice exam differentiate diphyllobothriasis from _______

A

pernicious anemia

100
Q

results of gastric juice examination

A
  • Diphyllobothriasis: (+)
  • Pernicious anemia: (-)
101
Q

true tapeworm

A

ORDER CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN

102
Q

aka pork tapeworm (armed tapeworm)

A

Taenia solium

103
Q

species associated w/ alcohol ingestion

A

Taenia solium

104
Q

T/F
After alcohol ingestion, T. solium passes out segments and
becomes inactivated

A

False (activated / infectious)

105
Q

habitat of Taenia solium

A

small intestine

106
Q

intermediate host of Taenia solium

A

pigs and man (mostly pigs)

107
Q

definitive stage of Taenia solium

A

man

108
Q

larval stage of Taenia solium

A

Cysticercus cellulosae

109
Q

infective stage of Taenia solium

A

Cysticercus cellulosae and embryonated egg

110
Q

MOT of Taenia solium

A

ingestion of measly pork and embryonated egg

111
Q

Pathology of Taenia solium

A
  • Taeniasis solium (adult)
  • Cysticercosis (larva)
112
Q

due to pork with incested Cysticercus cellulosae

A

Taeniasis solium

113
Q

abdominal discomfort, hunger, malabsorption Cysticercosis

A

Taeniasis solium

114
Q

occurs due to larva; more serious than Taeniasis solium

A

Cysticercosis

115
Q

when an egg is hatched inside the ________ , it will release the
______ and penetrate the internal mucosa and lead to the _______ ; it will then migrate to different organs.

A

small intestine; larva; bloodstream

116
Q

most serious manifestation
Cysticercosis

A

Neurocysticercosis

117
Q

most common parasitic disease of the CNS

A

Neurocysticercosis

118
Q

Taeniasis solium adult scolex shape

A
  • Globular
  • Quadrate suckers
    w/ armed rostellum (2
    rows of large and small
    hooklets)
119
Q

Taeniasis solium gravid proglottids

A

15-30 lateral branches
(dendritic / finger-like)

120
Q

Taeniasis solium length

A

2-8 meters

121
Q

longest cestode (25m)

A

Taenia saginata

122
Q

Taenia saginata common name

A

Beef tapeworm / Unarmed tapeworm

123
Q

Taenia saginata habitat

A

small intestine

124
Q

Taenia saginata intermediate host

A

cattle, cow, camel

125
Q

Taenia saginata definitive stage

A

man

126
Q

Taenia saginata larval stage

A

Cysticercus bovis

127
Q

infective stage

A

Cysticercus bovis

128
Q

pathology of Taenia saginata

A

Taeniasis saginata

129
Q

may lead to intestinal obstruction due to tangled proglottids (long enough to buhol buhol and cause obstruction)

A

Taeniasis saginata

130
Q

Taenia saginata scolex shape

A
  • Globular
  • Quadrate suckers
    No rostellum nor
    hooklets (unarmed)
131
Q

Taenia saginata adult worm gravid proglottid

A

8-12 lateral branches
(dichotomous / tree-like)

132
Q

Taenia saginata adult worm length

A

5-10 m (up to 25 m)

133
Q

egg of Taenia spp. are indistinguishable and must be reported as

A

Taenia spp. ova

134
Q

TAENIA OVA shape

A

spherical

135
Q

TAENIA OVA striations

A

radial

136
Q

TAENIA OVA hooklets

A

6 hooklets in pairs

137
Q

Taenia Ova
motile or non motile

A

motile

138
Q

other name for Taenia asiatica

A

Taenia saginata asiatica

139
Q

Taenia asiatica common name

A

Asia Taenia spp.

140
Q

Taenia asiatica old name

A

Taiwan taenia spp.

141
Q

Third specie of Taenia

A

Taenia asiatica

142
Q

Closely resembles T.saginata

A

Taenia asiatica

143
Q

Taenia asiatica intermediate host

A

pigs, cattles, goats, wild boar, monkey

144
Q

Taenia asiatica larval host

A

Cysticercus viscerotropica

145
Q

aka Dwarf tapeworm

A

HYMENOLEPIS NANA

146
Q

considered as the True Human tapeworm

A

HYMENOLEPIS NANA

147
Q

T/F
Only cestode that can complete
its life cycle in a single host

A

True

148
Q

T/F
Hymenolepis nana can be heteroxenous (indirect) or
monoxenous (direct)

A

T

149
Q

most common cestode of man

A

Hymenolepis nana

150
Q

Smallest and deadliest tapeworm

A

Hymenolepis nana

151
Q

intermediate host of Hymenolepis nana

A

majority of the parasites only have one lifecycle (either of the two) but H.nana can have both

152
Q

aka simple life cycle

A

direct life cycle

153
Q

only requires one host; final host or definitive host

A

direct life cycle

154
Q

aka complex lifecycle

A

indirect life cycle

155
Q

requires two or more hosts

A

indirect life cycle

156
Q

species with indirect life cycle

A
  • Rice/Flour Beetles (Tribolium and Tenebrio spp.)
  • Dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis)
  • Human flea (Pulex irritans)
  • Rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopsis)
  • German cockroach (Blattella germanica)
157
Q

final host of Hymenolepis nana

A

man

158
Q

larval stage of Hymenolepis nana

A

Cysticercoid larva

159
Q

infective stage of direct life cycle

A

embryonated ova

160
Q

infective stage of indirect life cycle

A

cysticercoid ova

161
Q

MOT of Hymenolepis nana

A

ingestion of embryonated ova/cysticercoid larva

162
Q

Hymenolepis nana adult scolex shape

A

subglobular with 4 cuplike suckers

163
Q

Hymenolepis nana adult scolex rostellum

A

With retractable armed rostellum

164
Q

Hymenolepis nana adult scolex hooklets

A

Present (single row or 20-30 Y shaped)

165
Q

only parasite with Y shaped hooklet

A

Hymenolepis nana

166
Q

Hymenolepis nana gravid proglottid appearance

A
  • Sack-like (saccular) uterus filled with eggs
  • Chains are in Craspedote form
167
Q

Hymenolepis nana adult length

A

1-4 cm

168
Q

Hymenolepis nana egg/ova 3 pairs of hooklets

A
  • polar thickening
  • polar filaments
  • embryophore
169
Q

Hymenolepis nana egg that presents two polars

A

polar thickening

170
Q

Hymenolepis nana egg that presents 4-8 polar filaments

A

polar filaments

171
Q

colorless Hymenolepis nana egg

A

embryophore

172
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta common name

A

rat tapeworm

173
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta habitat

A

small intestine

174
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta intermediate host

A

arthropods such as:
- grain beetle
- flea
- cockroach
- mealworms
- earwigs -
- myriapods
- lepidopterans

175
Q

Hymenolepis nana final host

A
  • rat
  • man (accidental hosts)
176
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta larval stage

A

Cysticercoid larva

177
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta infective stage

A

Cysticercoid larva

178
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta MOT

A

ingestion of Cysticercoid larva

179
Q

Asymptomatic at light infection Usually presented with diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pains, and anorexia

A

Hymenolepis diminuta

180
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta adult scolex shape

A

globular with 4 cup like suckers

181
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta adult rostellum

A

unarmed

182
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta hooklets

A

absent

183
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta gravid proglottid

A

15-30 lateral branches

184
Q

appearance of gravid proglottid in Hymenolepis diminuta

A

sack-like (saccular) uterus filled with eggs

185
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta length

A

20-60 meters

186
Q
A

Hymenolepis ova

187
Q

intralaminal/intraluminal later that gives fried egg appearance/sunny side up

A

polar filaments

188
Q

laboratory diagnosis for Cyclophyllidea

A

stool exam (DFS, Concentration techniques)

189
Q

sample used in double slide compression method

A

gravid proglottids (to demonstrate lateral branches)

190
Q
  • injected through the genital pore
  • used to visualize the lateral branches in the proglottids of Tania spp.
A

indian ink stain

191
Q

sample that can recover ova; Taenia and E. vermicularis

A

Perialnal swab

192
Q

common name of Dipylidium caninum

A
  • Dog tapeworm (final host is dog)
  • Double-pored tapeworm
  • Flea tapeworm
  • Cucumber tapeworm*
    Pumpkin seed tapeworm*
193
Q

habitat of Dipylidium caninum

A

small intestine

194
Q

Dipylidium caninum intermediate host

A

Dog louse (Trichodectes canis)
Dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis)
Cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis)
Human flea (Pulex irritans)

195
Q

final host of Dipylidium caninum

A

dog (accidental final host)

196
Q

larval stage of Dipylidium caninum

A

Cysticercoid

197
Q

infective stage of Dipylidium caninum

A

Cysticercoid

198
Q

Dipylidium caninum MOT

A

ingestion of infected intermediate host

199
Q

Asymptomatic at light infection
Usually presented with appetite loss, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort and indigestion

A

Dipylidium caninum

200
Q

Dipylidium caninum scolex shape

A

Globular with 4 cuplike suckers

201
Q

Dipylidium caninum scolex rostellum

A

Armed (club shaped)

202
Q

Dipylidium caninum scolex hooklets

A

1-7 rows of rosethorn shaped hooklets

203
Q

Dipylidium caninum scolex gravid proglottid appearance

A

Melon/Pumpkin shaped

rice grain when passed out in stool

204
Q

Dipylidium caninum length

A

10-70 m

205
Q

Dipylidium caninum ova

A

Largest egg of all cestodes

206
Q

T/F
may have 5-25 embryonated egg packets

A

T

207
Q

Dipylidium caninum lab diagnosis

A

Stool examination (look for eggs)

208
Q

Common name of Echinococcus granulosus

A

Hydatid worm

209
Q

Old name of Echinococcus granulosus

A

Taenia granulosus

210
Q

Shortest tapeworm

A

Echinococcus granulosus

211
Q

Echinococcus granulosus habitat

A

Small intestine (adult), connective tissue (larva)

212
Q

Echinococcus granulosus intermediate host

A

Sheep (Ox)
Goat
Horse
Camel
Man

213
Q

Echinococcus granulosusfinal host

A

Dog

214
Q

Echinococcus granulosus larval stage

A

Hydatid cast

215
Q

Echinococcus granulosusinfe tivestage

A

Final host: Hydatid cyst
Intermediate host: Embryonated ova

216
Q

Echinococcus granulosusn MOT

A

Ingestion of egg
when hatched, it will migrate to the tissues

217
Q

slow-growing, fluid filled, tumor-like and space occupying lesions which may cause anaphylactic shock

A

Hydatid cyst

218
Q

shows bunch of grapes lesions

A

Roentgenogram (xray)

219
Q

Lab diagnosis for Echinococcus granulosus

A
  1. Roentgenogram
    2.Ultrasonography
  2. Immunologic Test
  3. Exploratory Cyst Puncture
220
Q

Bentonite Flocculation Test
Casoni Intradermal Test

A

Immunologic Test

221
Q

Echinococcus granulosus adult scolex shape

A

Pyriform

222
Q

Echinococcus granulosus adult scolex rostellum

A

With prominent armed rostellum

223
Q

Echinococcus granulosus adult scolex hooklets

A

30-36 hooklets

224
Q

Echinococcus granulosus adult strobila

A

Only 3 segments

225
Q

Echinococcus granulosus adult gravid proglottids

A

widest and longest proglottids
Uterus: with midline, loosely-twisted uterus

226
Q

Echinococcus granulosus adult length

A

3-8 meters

227
Q

Echinococcus granulosus ova

A

Similar with Taenia egg
NEVER recovered in human stool

PARASITOLOGY (1 decks)

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