CESTODES Flashcards
1
Q
Cestodes is aka
A
tapeworms
2
Q
shape of cestodes
A
flat / ribbon-like, segmented
3
Q
color of cestodes
A
white, yellowish
4
Q
cestodes are monoecious (Hermaphroditic) w/ well-developed _____
A
reproductive organs
5
Q
requires more than 1 host
A
heteroxenous
6
Q
can be heteroxenous or monoxenous [DH]
A
Hymenolepis nana
7
Q
Outer covering of cestodes
A
tegument
8
Q
Where cestodes acquire nutrients and excrete waste as they have no digestive system
A
tegument
9
Q
habitat of adult cestodes
A
small intestine
10
Q
habitat of larva cestodes
A
tissues of IH
11
Q
MOT of cestodes
A
oral route
12
Q
eggs of cestodes
A
non-operculated and mature (embryonated)
13
Q
cestode life cycle
A
Egg → Larva → Adult
14
Q
attachment organ; attaches to small intestinal lining
A
Scolex / Head
15
Q
shape of adult cestodes
A
globular, pyriform,
spoon-like
16
Q
adult cestodes are quadrate with 4 cuplike ____
A
suckers/grooves/acetabulum
17
Q
Fleshy extension of scolex (crown area)
A
rostellum
18
Q
Seen in globular and/or pyriform
A
rostellum
19
Q
rostellum is seen in globular and/or pyriform except ____
A
Taenia saginata
20
Q
has hooklets
A
armed
21
Q
no hooklets present
A
unarmed
22
Q
armed adult cestodes
A
- Taenia solium
- Hymenolepis nana
- Dipylidium caninum
- Echinococcus granulosus
23
Q
unarmed adult cestodes
A
- Taenia saginata (no hooklet, no rostellum)
- Hymenolepis diminuta (no hooklet, with rostellum)
24
Q
spoon-like cestodes
A
Absence of rostellum
25
adult cestodes region of growth
neck
26
consists of germinative tissues
neck
27
aka budding zone
neck
28
aka proglottids
segments
29
chain of proglottids/segments
strobila
30
Types of Proglottids
- immature
- mature
- gravid/ripe
31
Types of Proglottids nearest to the neck
immature
32
growth is on the neck; the farther from the neck, it is an ______
older segment
33
has developed reproductive structures
mature
34
mature cestodes have:
- 1 testis
- 2 ovaries
- 1 genital pore
35
mature Taenia solium
contains third ovary (accessory ovarian tube)
36
matured Dipylidium caninum
1 testis, 2 ovaries and 2 genital pore
37
2 genital pores of Dipylidium caninum are located ___
bilaterally (bilateral genital pore)
38
matured, filled with egg
gravid/ripe
39
have more matured reproductive structures
gravid/ripe
40
false tapeworm
PSEUDOPHYLLIDEAN
41
PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA species
- Diphyllobothrium latum (one medically important)
- Spirometra spp.
42
PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA scolex shape
Spoon, spatula or almond-shaped
43
PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA scolex suckers
w/ bothria / sucking
grooves
44
PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA scolex rostellum
no hooklets
45
PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA strobila shedding
Anapolytic (not shedding segments)
46
PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA strobila pores
Uterine pore and genital
pore (centrally)
47
PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA gravid proglottid
All reproductive
structures are seen
48
PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA ova
Oval, operculated,
immature
49
PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA 1st larval stage
Coracidium
50
PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA 2nd larval stage
Procercoid
51
PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA 3rd larval stage
Plerocercoid / Sparganum
52
PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA 1st intermediate host
Crustaceans
(Copepods, Cyclops)
53
PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA 2nd intermediate host
Freshwater fishes
54
true tapeworm
CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN
55
CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN species
- T. solium
- T. saginata
- D. caninum
- H. nana
- H. diminuta
- E. granulosus
56
CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN scolex shape
globular, pyriform
57
CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN scolex suckers
quadrate
58
CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN scolex rostellum
Some w/ rostellum (w/
or w/o hooklets)
59
CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN strobila shedding
apolytic
60
CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN strobila pores
Only genital pore
(laterally)
61
CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN gravid proglottid
Only uterus seen in
diff. shapes / pattern
62
CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN ova
Hexacanth embryo /
Oncosphere: spherical, nonoperculated, embryonated, w/
hooklets
63
CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN larval stages
Cysticercus, Cysticercoid,
Hydatid
64
CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN intermediate host
None to one intermediate host
65
all require IH in CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN except ____
Hymenolepis nana
66
Diphyllobothrium latum
Most medically important sp. under Pseudophyllidea
67
Diphyllobothrium latum common name
- Broad Fish Tapeworm
- Fish Tapeworm
- Broad Tapeworm
- Russian Broad Tapeworm
68
Diphyllobothrium latum new name
Dibothriocephalus latus
69
Diphyllobothrium latum habitat
small intestine
70
Diphyllobothrium latum diagnostic stage
egg/scolex
71
Diphyllobothrium latum infective stage
Plerocercoid larva / Sparganum
72
Diphyllobothrium latum 1st intermediate host
copepods (cyclops, diaptomus)
73
Diphyllobothrium latum 2nd intermediate host
freshwater fish (small fishes)
74
MOT Diphyllobothriasis
Ingestion of 2nd intermediate host infected with plerocercoid
75
MOT Sparganosis
- presence of sparganum
- ingestion of 1st intermediate host infected with procercoid larva (2nd larval stage)
76
DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM adult worm length
3-10 m
77
DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM adult worm is mistaken with ____
Spirometra spp.
78
DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM adult worm scolex
- Spatulate/Spoon/ Almond-shape
- Has 2 bothrium / slit-like sucking organ
79
DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM adult worm uterus
Rosette-like appearance
80
DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM adult worm strobila
- Up to 4000 proglottids
- Have uterine pore and genital pore
81
DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM OVA .
unembryonated
82
DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM OVA:
______ on one end and ______ on opposite / abopercular end
Operculum; terminal knob
83
DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM OVA with _____ coracidium
underdeveloped
84
DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM OVA is mistaken with _____
Paragonimus spp. ova
85
Pathology:
Diphyllobothriasis
- Ingestion of 2nd IH (fishes) w/ plerocercoid (L3)
86
Pathology:
Sparganosis
Ingestion of 1st IH (copepods) infected w/ procercoid
larva (L2)
87
Adult may take up large amount of Vitamin B12
Tapeworm Anemia / Bothriocephalus Anemia
88
important for RBC maturation and
hematopoiesis, esp. erythropoiesis
vitamin B12
89
Intake of Vit. B12 by D. latum prevents _____ of
RBCs
maturation
90
Tapeworm Anemia / Bothriocephalus Anemia:
_______, _________ anemia
Marcocytic, megaloblastic
91
Tapeworm Anemia / Bothriocephalus Anemia
sometimes demonstrates _____
pernicious anemia
92
patients with pernicious anemia lacks __
intrinsic factor
93
produces intrinsic factor
gastric mucosa
94
responsible for absorption of vit. B12 from food intake
intrinsic factor
95
absence of gastric acid
Achlorhydria
96
stool examination tests for DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM
- direct fecal smear
- kato technique (kato katz)
97
stool examination for DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM
look for eggs or scolex (never look for segments )
98
Gastric juice examination
- Measure amt. of free HCl in gastric juice
99
gastric juice exam differentiate diphyllobothriasis from _______
pernicious anemia
100
results of gastric juice examination
- Diphyllobothriasis: (+)
- Pernicious anemia: (-)
101
true tapeworm
ORDER CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN
102
aka pork tapeworm (armed tapeworm)
Taenia solium
103
species associated w/ alcohol ingestion
Taenia solium
104
T/F
After alcohol ingestion, T. solium passes out segments and
becomes inactivated
False (activated / infectious)
105
habitat of Taenia solium
small intestine
106
intermediate host of Taenia solium
pigs and man (mostly pigs)
107
definitive stage of Taenia solium
man
108
larval stage of Taenia solium
Cysticercus cellulosae
109
infective stage of Taenia solium
Cysticercus cellulosae and embryonated egg
110
MOT of Taenia solium
ingestion of measly pork and embryonated egg
111
Pathology of Taenia solium
- Taeniasis solium (adult)
- Cysticercosis (larva)
112
due to pork with incested Cysticercus cellulosae
Taeniasis solium
113
abdominal discomfort, hunger, malabsorption Cysticercosis
Taeniasis solium
114
occurs due to larva; more serious than Taeniasis solium
Cysticercosis
115
when an egg is hatched inside the ________ , it will release the
______ and penetrate the internal mucosa and lead to the _______ ; it will then migrate to different organs.
small intestine; larva; bloodstream
116
most serious manifestation
Cysticercosis
Neurocysticercosis
117
most common parasitic disease of the CNS
Neurocysticercosis
118
Taeniasis solium adult scolex shape
- Globular
- Quadrate suckers
w/ armed rostellum (2
rows of large and small
hooklets)
119
Taeniasis solium gravid proglottids
15-30 lateral branches
(dendritic / finger-like)
120
Taeniasis solium length
2-8 meters
121
longest cestode (25m)
Taenia saginata
122
Taenia saginata common name
Beef tapeworm / Unarmed tapeworm
123
Taenia saginata habitat
small intestine
124
Taenia saginata intermediate host
cattle, cow, camel
125
Taenia saginata definitive stage
man
126
Taenia saginata larval stage
Cysticercus bovis
127
infective stage
Cysticercus bovis
128
pathology of Taenia saginata
Taeniasis saginata
129
may lead to intestinal obstruction due to tangled proglottids (long enough to buhol buhol and cause obstruction)
Taeniasis saginata
130
Taenia saginata scolex shape
- Globular
- Quadrate suckers
No rostellum nor
hooklets (unarmed)
131
Taenia saginata adult worm gravid proglottid
8-12 lateral branches
(dichotomous / tree-like)
132
Taenia saginata adult worm length
5-10 m (up to 25 m)
133
egg of Taenia spp. are indistinguishable and must be reported as
Taenia spp. ova
134
TAENIA OVA shape
spherical
135
TAENIA OVA striations
radial
136
TAENIA OVA hooklets
6 hooklets in pairs
137
Taenia Ova
motile or non motile
motile
138
other name for Taenia asiatica
Taenia saginata asiatica
139
Taenia asiatica common name
Asia Taenia spp.
140
Taenia asiatica old name
Taiwan taenia spp.
141
Third specie of Taenia
Taenia asiatica
142
Closely resembles T.saginata
Taenia asiatica
143
Taenia asiatica intermediate host
pigs, cattles, goats, wild boar, monkey
144
Taenia asiatica larval host
Cysticercus viscerotropica
145
aka Dwarf tapeworm
HYMENOLEPIS NANA
146
considered as the True Human tapeworm
HYMENOLEPIS NANA
147
T/F
Only cestode that can complete
its life cycle in a single host
True
148
T/F
Hymenolepis nana can be heteroxenous (indirect) or
monoxenous (direct)
T
149
most common cestode of man
Hymenolepis nana
150
Smallest and deadliest tapeworm
Hymenolepis nana
151
intermediate host of Hymenolepis nana
majority of the parasites only have one lifecycle (either of the two) but H.nana can have both
152
aka simple life cycle
direct life cycle
153
only requires one host; final host or definitive host
direct life cycle
154
aka complex lifecycle
indirect life cycle
155
requires two or more hosts
indirect life cycle
156
species with indirect life cycle
- Rice/Flour Beetles (Tribolium and Tenebrio spp.)
- Dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis)
- Human flea (Pulex irritans)
- Rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopsis)
- German cockroach (Blattella germanica)
157
final host of Hymenolepis nana
man
158
larval stage of Hymenolepis nana
Cysticercoid larva
159
infective stage of direct life cycle
embryonated ova
160
infective stage of indirect life cycle
cysticercoid ova
161
MOT of Hymenolepis nana
ingestion of embryonated ova/cysticercoid larva
162
Hymenolepis nana adult scolex shape
subglobular with 4 cuplike suckers
163
Hymenolepis nana adult scolex rostellum
With retractable armed rostellum
164
Hymenolepis nana adult scolex hooklets
Present (single row or 20-30 Y shaped)
165
only parasite with Y shaped hooklet
Hymenolepis nana
166
Hymenolepis nana gravid proglottid appearance
- Sack-like (saccular) uterus filled with eggs
- Chains are in Craspedote form
167
Hymenolepis nana adult length
1-4 cm
168
Hymenolepis nana egg/ova 3 pairs of hooklets
- polar thickening
- polar filaments
- embryophore
169
Hymenolepis nana egg that presents two polars
polar thickening
170
Hymenolepis nana egg that presents 4-8 polar filaments
polar filaments
171
colorless Hymenolepis nana egg
embryophore
172
Hymenolepis diminuta common name
rat tapeworm
173
Hymenolepis diminuta habitat
small intestine
174
Hymenolepis diminuta intermediate host
arthropods such as:
- grain beetle
- flea
- cockroach
- mealworms
- earwigs -
- myriapods
- lepidopterans
175
Hymenolepis nana final host
- rat
- man (accidental hosts)
176
Hymenolepis diminuta larval stage
Cysticercoid larva
177
Hymenolepis diminuta infective stage
Cysticercoid larva
178
Hymenolepis diminuta MOT
ingestion of Cysticercoid larva
179
Asymptomatic at light infection Usually presented with diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pains, and anorexia
Hymenolepis diminuta
180
Hymenolepis diminuta adult scolex shape
globular with 4 cup like suckers
181
Hymenolepis diminuta adult rostellum
unarmed
182
Hymenolepis diminuta hooklets
absent
183
Hymenolepis diminuta gravid proglottid
15-30 lateral branches
184
appearance of gravid proglottid in Hymenolepis diminuta
sack-like (saccular) uterus filled with eggs
185
Hymenolepis diminuta length
20-60 meters
186
Hymenolepis ova
187
intralaminal/intraluminal later that gives fried egg appearance/sunny side up
polar filaments
188
laboratory diagnosis for Cyclophyllidea
stool exam (DFS, Concentration techniques)
189
sample used in double slide compression method
gravid proglottids (to demonstrate lateral branches)
190
- injected through the genital pore
- used to visualize the lateral branches in the proglottids of Tania spp.
indian ink stain
191
sample that can recover ova; Taenia and E. vermicularis
Perialnal swab
192
common name of Dipylidium caninum
- Dog tapeworm (final host is dog)
- Double-pored tapeworm
- Flea tapeworm
- Cucumber tapeworm*
Pumpkin seed tapeworm*
193
habitat of Dipylidium caninum
small intestine
194
Dipylidium caninum intermediate host
Dog louse (Trichodectes canis)
Dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis)
Cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis)
Human flea (Pulex irritans)
195
final host of Dipylidium caninum
dog (accidental final host)
196
larval stage of Dipylidium caninum
Cysticercoid
197
infective stage of Dipylidium caninum
Cysticercoid
198
Dipylidium caninum MOT
ingestion of infected intermediate host
199
Asymptomatic at light infection
Usually presented with appetite loss, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort and indigestion
Dipylidium caninum
200
Dipylidium caninum scolex shape
Globular with 4 cuplike suckers
201
Dipylidium caninum scolex rostellum
Armed (club shaped)
202
Dipylidium caninum scolex hooklets
1-7 rows of rosethorn shaped hooklets
203
Dipylidium caninum scolex gravid proglottid appearance
Melon/Pumpkin shaped
rice grain when passed out in stool
204
Dipylidium caninum length
10-70 m
205
Dipylidium caninum ova
Largest egg of all cestodes
206
T/F
may have 5-25 embryonated egg packets
T
207
Dipylidium caninum lab diagnosis
Stool examination (look for eggs)
208
Common name of Echinococcus granulosus
Hydatid worm
209
Old name of Echinococcus granulosus
Taenia granulosus
210
Shortest tapeworm
Echinococcus granulosus
211
Echinococcus granulosus habitat
Small intestine (adult), connective tissue (larva)
212
Echinococcus granulosus intermediate host
Sheep (Ox)
Goat
Horse
Camel
Man
213
Echinococcus granulosusfinal host
Dog
214
Echinococcus granulosus larval stage
Hydatid cast
215
Echinococcus granulosusinfe tivestage
Final host: Hydatid cyst
Intermediate host: Embryonated ova
216
Echinococcus granulosusn MOT
Ingestion of egg
when hatched, it will migrate to the tissues
217
slow-growing, fluid filled, tumor-like and space occupying lesions which may cause anaphylactic shock
Hydatid cyst
218
shows bunch of grapes lesions
Roentgenogram (xray)
219
Lab diagnosis for Echinococcus granulosus
1. Roentgenogram
2.Ultrasonography
3. Immunologic Test
4. Exploratory Cyst Puncture
220
Bentonite Flocculation Test
Casoni Intradermal Test
Immunologic Test
221
Echinococcus granulosus adult scolex shape
Pyriform
222
Echinococcus granulosus adult scolex rostellum
With prominent armed rostellum
223
Echinococcus granulosus adult scolex hooklets
30-36 hooklets
224
Echinococcus granulosus adult strobila
Only 3 segments
225
Echinococcus granulosus adult gravid proglottids
widest and longest proglottids
Uterus: with midline, loosely-twisted uterus
226
Echinococcus granulosus adult length
3-8 meters
227
Echinococcus granulosus ova
Similar with Taenia egg
NEVER recovered in human stool
