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Parasitology Exam 2 > Cestodes > Flashcards

Cestodes Flashcards

1
Q

Cestode Characteristics

A

Hermaphroditic
Monoecious
Lack digestive tract, relying on what the host eats
Need intermediate host
Absorbs food via skin
Pseudophyllidium: tapeworms with multiple “segments” (proglottids) and two bothria or “sucking grooves” as adults.

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2
Q

Basic Lifecycle of Cestodes

A

eggs > 1st juvenile stage (oncosphere) > 2nd juvenile stage (metacestode) > Adult

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3
Q

D. Latum Eggs

A
  • Mature in environment
  • Operculated
  • Released through uterine pore
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4
Q

D. Latum reproduction

A

Mature proglottid

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5
Q

D. Latum Infective stage

A
  • Plerocercoid stage, in fish
  • Procercoid stage, in crustaceans (sometimes humans: sparganosis)
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6
Q

D. latum Procercoid stage

A

penetrates the intestinal wall and migrates to various sites, including subcutaneous tissues, the central nervous system, and muscle, where they develop to second-stage larvae or plerocercoids.

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7
Q

D. latum life cycle

A

Unemb passed in feces > Emb in water > Coracidia hatch from eggs, ingested by crustaceans > procercoid live in crustaceans > Crustacean ingested by fish > Procercoid becomes Plerocercoid larva > Large fish consumes small fish > human consumes undercooked fish > Adults attach to intestinal wall via scolex > eggs get released from proglottids.

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8
Q

T. saginata & T. solium reproduction

A

Contain branched uteruses (gravid proglottids)

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9
Q

T. saginata & T. solium lifecyle

A

Eggs or gravid proglottids are found in feces and passed into environment > cattle (t. sag) or pigs (t.sol) ingest infected vegetation > oncosphere hatches > penetrates intestinal wall and circulates in musculature > oncosphere becomes cysticerci in muscle > humans ingest undercooked meat > Adults remain in small intestine

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10
Q

T. saginata & T. solium intermediate host

A

T. sag: cattle
T. solium: pigs

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11
Q

T. saginata & T. solium adults

A

Mature and remain in small intestines

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12
Q

Parasites with adults in small intestine

A

D. latum
T. saginata
T. solium
H. diminuta

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13
Q

Parasites with adults in lungs

A
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14
Q

T. pisiformes intermediate host

A

dogs

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15
Q

T. pisiformes reproduction

A
  • Immature proglottids contain developing reproductive organs located in scolex (head)
  • Can mature to contain bilobed ovary, follicular testes, lateral genital oe, and posterior vitelline mass.
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16
Q

E. granulosus & E. multilocularis Life stages

A

Oncosphere —> Metacestode (Hydatid cyst) —> Adult

17
Q

E. granulosus & E. multilocularis reproduction

A

Contain few proglottids

18
Q

E. granulosus & E. multilocularis infective stage

A

Hydatid cyst

19
Q

E. granulosus hosts

A

intermediate: sheep > dogs
definitive: human

20
Q

E. multilocularis hosts

A

multiple hosts

21
Q

E. granulosus & E. multilocularis lifecyle

A

Embryonated eggs are passed in feces > Sheep ingests oncosphere > Oncosphere hatches > larvae penetrate intestinal wall > enter circulation and end in liver or lungs > Mature to hydatid cyst in liver > Dog consumes infected organs > protoscolices replicate within cysts, growing them > scolex attaches to intestine where they mature into adults.

22
Q

D. caninum characteristics

A

4 suckers on scolex
Retractable rostelum
Dioceous life cycle

23
Q

D. caninum intermediate host

A

flea (ingestion)

24
Q

D. caninum lifecyle

A

Proglottids disintegrate and release egg packet > Egg packet is ingested by larval stage of flea > Oncosphere hatches and penetrates intestinal wall > Oncosphere becomes Cysticercoid > Infected larval stage develops into adult flea that harbors cysticercoids > Infected flea is ingested by either pet or human (typically child) > Scolex attaches to intestinal wall > Gravid proglottids are passed in feces

25
Q

H. nana characteristics

A

Dwarf tapeworm
Retractable, Armed Rostellum

26
Q

H. nana reproduction

A

Gravid proglottids can be released along with the eggs in feces, or just the eggs can be released in feces.

27
Q

H. nana transmission

A

Transmission is done ingestion of embryonated eggs (direct) OR ingestion of infected insect (indirect)

28
Q

H. diminuta transmission

A

Transmission due to ingestion of infected insect

29
Q

H.diminuta intermediate host

A

Required, human or rodent

30
Q

H. nana intermediate host

A

Intermediate host isn’t always required, where there is one it is an insect

31
Q

H. diminuta & H. nana lifecyles

A

Emb eggs in feces > Egg is ingested by insect > Cystercercoid develops in insect > Cystercercoid arthropod ingested by human or rodent > Oncosphere hatches and Cystercercoid develops in intestine > Adults release eggs via gravid proglottids in feces

Autoinfection possible if eggs remain in intestine

32
Q

Parasite with adults in liver

A

E. granulosus
E. multilocularis

Parasitology Exam 2 (2 decks)

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