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PT-751 Axial Skeleton > Cervical & Thoracic Spine (Posture) > Flashcards

Cervical & Thoracic Spine (Posture) Flashcards

1
Q

How is posture described?

A

Position of the joints and body segments

Balance between the muscles crossing the joints

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2
Q

What can bad posture create?

A

Impairments in joints, muscles, or connective tissues

can work the other way too, Impairments can cause bad posture

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3
Q

What are the 3 key components of proprioception that influence posture?

A

Foot
SI Joint
Cervical Spine

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4
Q

What are 2 postural reflexes in infants?

A

ATNR (Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex)

STNR (Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex)

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5
Q

What’s the evolution of posture

A 
Start in supine > 
Prone -> 
Sitting -> 
Quadriped -> 
Half Kneeling -> 
Kneeling & squat position -> 
Standing
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6
Q

What are the primary curves

A

Kyphosis

Present in the infant

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7
Q

What are the compensatory curves?

A

Lordosis

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8
Q

What are the compensatory curves important for?

A

Withstanding effects of gravity and other external forces.

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9
Q

What does proper posture do for you?

A

Allows normal joint ranges.
Positions limbs in appropriate positions for functional activities
Protects musculoskeletal system from excessive forces

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10
Q

How big is the average standing sway of a person?

A

4 cm

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11
Q

What’s the most common position to assess a patients posture?

A

Position that causes the most of the patient’s pain.

Standing or sitting

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12
Q

What are the 3 views to assess a patient’s posture?

A

Lateral
Posterior
Anterior

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13
Q

Where’s the line of gravity in the ankle?

A

Anterior to joint

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14
Q

Where is the stability provided in the ankle for posture?

A

Soleus (PF muscles)

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15
Q

Where is the line of gravity in the knee?

A

Anterior to the knee joint.

keeps knee in extension

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16
Q

Where’s the stability provided in the knee?

A

ACL, Posterior capsule, and tension in the gastroc-soleus & hamstrings

17
Q

What muscles are needed for support to maintain upright posture in the knee when it’s extended?

A

None

18
Q

What helps stabilize the knee when it is slightly flexed?

A

Quadriceps contract to prevent knee buckling

19
Q

Where’s the line of gravity in the hip?

A

Varies with swaying of the body. Goes through hip joint.

20
Q

What ligament provides passive stability in the hip joint.

A

Iliofemoral ligament (at equilibrium no external support is necessary)

21
Q

What happens if the line of gravity shifts posterior?

A

Some post pelvic rotation

Hip flexor tension

22
Q

What happens if the line of gravity shifts anterior?

A

Hip extensors kick in

23
Q

Where’s the normal line of gravity in the Trunk?

A

Through lumbar and cervical bodies.

curves in back balance each other out

24
Q

What muscles work to keep stability as the trunk shifts?

A

Contralateral muscles contract (lean forward, back muscles work, visa versa)

25
Q

Where’s the line of gravity in the head?

A

Anterior to the atlanto-occipital joints

26
Q

Which muscles contract to keep head balanced?

A

Posterior cervical muscles

27
Q

For every inch the head is forward, how many pounds is added to the spine?

A

10lbs

28
Q

What are the 3 subsystems used for postural stability in the spine?

A 
Inert Structures (osseous & ligamentous)
Active Structures (muscles)
Neural control)
29
Q

What happens if the Inert Structures are injured?

A

decreases joint position sense

30
Q

What happens if the active structures are damaged?

A

Atrophy & decreased function.

Decreased joint position sense

31
Q

What role do inert structures play in neural control?

A

Sensory receptors sense position and report to the CNS

32
Q

What happens without the dynamic stabilizers (muscles)?

A

Spine would collapse in upright position

33
Q

What are global muscles?

A

Larger muscles
More Superficial
(erector spinea, SCM, Scalenes, Levator, Traps)

34
Q

What are segmental muscles?

A

Smaller muscles
Deep
(Rectus Capitis Anterior, Lateralis, longus colli, longus capitis)

35
Q

What do the global muscles contribute too?

A

Control spinal orientation

Responds to external loads that shift center of mass

36
Q

What do segmental muscles do?

A

Prevents inert tissues from being stressed at the limits of their motion.
Maintain each segment in stable position.

37
Q

Which muscles are under utilized in patients with neck pain?

A

Segmental Muscles

PT-751 Axial Skeleton (1 decks)

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