Cervical Spine

Question 1

cervical spine global muscles (5)

Answer 1

• sternocleidomastoid
• scalenes
• levator scapulae
• erector spinae

Question 2

cervical spine core muscles (6)

Answer 2

• rectus capitis anterior and lateralis
• longus coli and capitis
• multifidus
• infrahyoid/suprahyoid group
• mandibular elevator group

Question 3

Definition:

posture that deviates from normal alignment but has no structural impairments

Answer 3

postural fault

Question 4

Definition:

pain that result from mechanical stress when a person maintains a fault posture for prolonged periods; pain usually relieved with activity. There are no impairments in functional strength or flexibility.

Answer 4

postural pain syndrome

Question 5

Definition:

adaptive shortening of tissues and muscle weakness are involved. cause may be prolonged poor postural habits, or a result of contractures and adhesions formed during healing of tissues.

Answer 5

postural dysfunction

Question 6

result from forceful, rapid, back and forth movement of the neck

QTF defined it as: acceleration-deceleration mechanism of energy transfer to the neck and head

Answer 6

whiplash

Question 7

clinical presentation of a whiplash injury

Answer 7

whiplash associated disorder (WAD)

Question 8

whiplash/ WAD signs and symptoms: (9)

Answer 8

• neck pain
• deafness
• dizziness
• tinnitus
• headache
• memory loss
• dysphagia
• temporomandibular jt pain
• reversed cervical curve

Question 9

whiplash/WAD treatment

Answer 9

• control of symptoms (decrease pain and inflammation) (acute)
• postural retraining (acute –> subacute)
• cervical stabilization exercise (subacute)
• isometrics (subacute –> min protection)
• manual therapy as necessary and patient education

Question 10

cervicogenic headaches can be mechanically reproduced and commonly associated with ___, ___, and ___ facet locks.

Answer 10

c2, c3, c4

Question 11

treatment for cervicogenic headaches:

Answer 11

• symptom control
• joint and soft tissue mobilization
• retrain stabilizers
• postural re-education

Question 12

_______ pathology:

usually degenerative and traumatic. common at the c5-c6 and c6-c7 levels with common age 30-45 yrs old

Answer 12

intervertebral disc pathology

Question 13

intervertebral disc pathology signs and symptoms: (5)

Answer 13

• pain
• flexed posture and deviation away from symptomatic side
• neurological symptoms in dermatomal pattern
• peripheralization with repetitive lexion, sustained flexion, coughing
• limited nerve mobility

Question 14

definition:

displacement of disc material beyond the normal limits of the IV disc space

may include nucleus pulposus cartilage, fragmented apophyseal bone, or annulus fibrosis

Answer 14

herniation

may also be described as protrusions or extrusions

Question 15

definition:

displaced disc material is continuous with the material within the disc. nuclear material is contained by the outer layers of the annulus

Answer 15

protrusion

Question 16

definition:

extension of nuclear material beyond the confines of the posterior longitudinal ligament or above and below the disc space

Answer 16

extrusion

Question 17

definition:

extruded disc material is no longer contained by the outer annulus and has separated and moved away from the disc

Answer 17

sequestration

Question 18

treatment for cervical disc pathology: (5)

Answer 18

• control of symptoms
• nneural glides as needed
• postural re-education and pt education
• traction

cervical stabilization exercises

Question 19

definition:

a disorder that results from abnormal growth of the bones of the neck and degeneration and mineral deposits in the cushions between the vertebrae. cause is degenerative

Answer 19

cervical sponylosis

Question 20

cervical spondylosis signs and symptoms: (3)

Answer 20

• decreased extension, lateral flexion and rotation ROM
• neck pain
• usually more painful with extension than flexion

Question 21

goal of Tx for cervical spondylosis

Answer 21

relief of pain and prevention of permanent spinal cord and nerve root injury

Question 22

treatment for cervical spondylosis (5)

Answer 22

• control of symptoms
• postural re-education
• traction
• cervical stabilization
• neural glides

Question 23

definition:

rheumatic disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the ligaments

peaks in mid 20’s

leads to bamboo spine: anterior longitudinal ligament fuses to the vertebral bodies)

Answer 23

ankylosing spondylitis

Question 24

definition:

translation of 1 vertebra on another, usually anteriorly but can be posteriorly. can be life threatening

Answer 24

cervical spondylolisthesis

Question 25

cervical spondylolisthesis signs and symptoms: (3)

usually degenerative or traumatic

Answer 25

• pain in cervical spine
• palpable step off
• possible increase in C/S lordosis

Question 26

cervical spondylolisthesis treatment

Answer 26

• stabilization exercise
• neural glides
• postural re-education

if higher than grades 1 or 2, treatment is surgical

Question 27

usually caused by HNP, fracture, dislocation, spondylolisthesis, or significant stenosis

Answer 27

cervical spine fusions

Question 28

removal of the disc fragments in the spinal canal coupled with an anterior interbody fusion with either the patients bone, or bank bone. plates and screws may be placed depending on pt.

Answer 28

anterior cervical discectomy and fusion ACDF

Question 29

C/S spine fusion treatment: collar may be worn up to _______ weeks but is dependent on MD

Answer 29

6-8 weeks

Question 30

fusion treatment post 6-8 weeks:

Answer 30

gentle ROM until healed

• stabilization or normal joint mobility of remaining segments
• neural glides
• scar management
• ADL modification
• postural re-education and pt education