Cervical Spine Flashcards
cervical spine global muscles (5)
- sternocleidomastoid
- scalenes
- levator scapulae
- erector spinae
cervical spine core muscles (6)
- rectus capitis anterior and lateralis
- longus coli and capitis
- multifidus
- infrahyoid/suprahyoid group
- mandibular elevator group
Definition:
posture that deviates from normal alignment but has no structural impairments
postural fault
Definition:
pain that result from mechanical stress when a person maintains a fault posture for prolonged periods; pain usually relieved with activity. There are no impairments in functional strength or flexibility.
postural pain syndrome
Definition:
adaptive shortening of tissues and muscle weakness are involved. cause may be prolonged poor postural habits, or a result of contractures and adhesions formed during healing of tissues.
postural dysfunction
result from forceful, rapid, back and forth movement of the neck
QTF defined it as: acceleration-deceleration mechanism of energy transfer to the neck and head
whiplash
clinical presentation of a whiplash injury
whiplash associated disorder (WAD)
whiplash/ WAD signs and symptoms: (9)
- neck pain
- deafness
- dizziness
- tinnitus
- headache
- memory loss
- dysphagia
- temporomandibular jt pain
- reversed cervical curve
whiplash/WAD treatment
- control of symptoms (decrease pain and inflammation) (acute)
- postural retraining (acute –> subacute)
- cervical stabilization exercise (subacute)
- isometrics (subacute –> min protection)
- manual therapy as necessary and patient education
cervicogenic headaches can be mechanically reproduced and commonly associated with ___, ___, and ___ facet locks.
c2, c3, c4
treatment for cervicogenic headaches:
- symptom control
- joint and soft tissue mobilization
- retrain stabilizers
- postural re-education
_______ pathology:
usually degenerative and traumatic. common at the c5-c6 and c6-c7 levels with common age 30-45 yrs old
intervertebral disc pathology
intervertebral disc pathology signs and symptoms: (5)
- pain
- flexed posture and deviation away from symptomatic side
- neurological symptoms in dermatomal pattern
- peripheralization with repetitive lexion, sustained flexion, coughing
- limited nerve mobility
definition:
displacement of disc material beyond the normal limits of the IV disc space
may include nucleus pulposus cartilage, fragmented apophyseal bone, or annulus fibrosis
herniation
may also be described as protrusions or extrusions
definition:
displaced disc material is continuous with the material within the disc. nuclear material is contained by the outer layers of the annulus
protrusion
definition:
extension of nuclear material beyond the confines of the posterior longitudinal ligament or above and below the disc space
extrusion
definition:
extruded disc material is no longer contained by the outer annulus and has separated and moved away from the disc
sequestration
treatment for cervical disc pathology: (5)
- control of symptoms
- nneural glides as needed
- postural re-education and pt education
- traction
cervical stabilization exercises
definition:
a disorder that results from abnormal growth of the bones of the neck and degeneration and mineral deposits in the cushions between the vertebrae. cause is degenerative
cervical sponylosis
cervical spondylosis signs and symptoms: (3)
- decreased extension, lateral flexion and rotation ROM
- neck pain
- usually more painful with extension than flexion
goal of Tx for cervical spondylosis
relief of pain and prevention of permanent spinal cord and nerve root injury
treatment for cervical spondylosis (5)
- control of symptoms
- postural re-education
- traction
- cervical stabilization
- neural glides
definition:
rheumatic disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the ligaments
peaks in mid 20’s
leads to bamboo spine: anterior longitudinal ligament fuses to the vertebral bodies)
ankylosing spondylitis
definition:
translation of 1 vertebra on another, usually anteriorly but can be posteriorly. can be life threatening
cervical spondylolisthesis
