Cervical Spine

Question 1

What joints make up the cervical spine

Answer 1

Atlanto-occipital joint
Atlanto-axial joint complex
Intracervical apophyseal joint (C2-C7)

Question 2

What are the convex-concave components of the atlanto-occipital joint

Answer 2

concave atlas

convex occiput

Question 3

Describe atlas

Answer 3

ring shaped
no body
no spinous processes
concave facet

Question 4

O-A joint arthrokinematics

Answer 4

extension: occciptal ocndyles glide anteriorly
flexion: occiput glides posteriorly

Question 5

How many degrees of freedom does the AO joint have

Answer 5

2 DF. mostly flex/extend. slight lateral flexion

Question 6

What ligaments limit side to side movement

Answer 6

alar ligaments

Question 7

What are the components of the Atlanto-Axial joint

Answer 7

C1 & C2
dens of C2
2 apophyseal joints (inferior facet atlas & sup facet of axis)
pivot joint

Question 8

What is the function of the transverse ligament

Answer 8

houses dens, keeps dens from protruding into spinal cord,
stabilize odontoid process
crosses atlas
(cruciate ligament)

Question 9

Alar ligament

Answer 9

dens to occiput

checks side to side movement

Question 10

Ligamentum nuchae

Answer 10

takes the place of supraspinous ligament
aka nuchal ligament
more posterior
resists flexion

Question 11

Ligamentum flavum

Answer 11

connects adjacent laminae

resists flexion

Question 12

What are the mobile segments of C3-C7 joints

Answer 12

uncovertebral joint

facet joints

Question 13

Uncovertebral joints

Answer 13

vonLuschka

holds disc in place, support disc

Question 14

Facet joint

Answer 14

sit in both transverse & frontal plane

45 deg up from transverse

Question 15

Coupled motion

Answer 15

rotation & sidebending occur on the same side

Question 16

Forward bending

Answer 16

anterior tilt
ventral compression
Intervertebral foramen opens

Question 17

Backward bending

Answer 17

closed pack
posterior compression
facets glide posteriorly inferiorly
Intervertebral foramen closes
opposite flexion

Question 18

Rotation (R)

Answer 18

R facet glides inferiorly & posterior
L facet glides superiorly & anterior
R side closes down, left opens

Question 19

Sidebending (R)

Answer 19

superior vertebra tilts right, glides inferiorly
Left facets glide superiorly
compression on concavity

Question 20

What motion would help if you had a nerve root problem on the R side

Answer 20

flex, Left rotation, L side bend would help

R rotation would bother

Question 21

C spine motions & ROM

Answer 21

flexion: 50 degree
Ext: 60 degrees
Rotation: 160 deg total (80 each side)
Lateral Flex: 45 each side

Question 22

C spine end feel

Answer 22

rotation: frim
lat flex: firm
Flexion: firm, soft (adipose neck tissue)
Ext: hard (facet joint), soft (excess adipose tissue)

Question 23

C spine closed packed position

Answer 23

extension

Question 24

C spine Loose packed position

Answer 24

flexion

Question 25

TMJ ligaments

Answer 25

sphenomandibular | sylomandibular

Question 26

Sphenomandibular

Answer 26

spine of spheno to ramus of mandible | checks anterior translation

Question 27

Sylomandibular

Answer 27

styoloid process of temporal bone to posterior ramus | may limit protrusion- transverse plane

Question 28

Mandibular depression

Answer 28

opening upper joint initiates little swing posterior of mandible (down & back) Remaining part truly translation of condyle & disc together forward

Question 29

Mandibular elevation

Answer 29

mouth closes condyles roll anterior condyles slide post

Question 30

Mandibular protrusion

Answer 30

both mandibular condyles translate anterior | no roll, pure translation

Question 31

Mandibular retraction

Answer 31

both mandibular condyles translate posteriorly

Question 32

Lateral Deviation of mandible

Answer 32

condyle on ipsilateral side spins | condyle on the contralateral side translaters anteriorly