Cervical Spine Flashcards
What joints make up the cervical spine
Atlanto-occipital joint
Atlanto-axial joint complex
Intracervical apophyseal joint (C2-C7)
What are the convex-concave components of the atlanto-occipital joint
concave atlas
convex occiput
Describe atlas
ring shaped
no body
no spinous processes
concave facet
O-A joint arthrokinematics
extension: occciptal ocndyles glide anteriorly
flexion: occiput glides posteriorly
How many degrees of freedom does the AO joint have
2 DF. mostly flex/extend. slight lateral flexion
What ligaments limit side to side movement
alar ligaments
What are the components of the Atlanto-Axial joint
C1 & C2
dens of C2
2 apophyseal joints (inferior facet atlas & sup facet of axis)
pivot joint
What is the function of the transverse ligament
houses dens, keeps dens from protruding into spinal cord,
stabilize odontoid process
crosses atlas
(cruciate ligament)
Alar ligament
dens to occiput
checks side to side movement
Ligamentum nuchae
takes the place of supraspinous ligament
aka nuchal ligament
more posterior
resists flexion
Ligamentum flavum
connects adjacent laminae
resists flexion
What are the mobile segments of C3-C7 joints
uncovertebral joint
facet joints
Uncovertebral joints
vonLuschka
holds disc in place, support disc
Facet joint
sit in both transverse & frontal plane
45 deg up from transverse
Coupled motion
rotation & sidebending occur on the same side
Forward bending
anterior tilt
ventral compression
Intervertebral foramen opens
Backward bending
closed pack posterior compression facets glide posteriorly inferiorly Intervertebral foramen closes opposite flexion
Rotation (R)
R facet glides inferiorly & posterior
L facet glides superiorly & anterior
R side closes down, left opens
Sidebending (R)
superior vertebra tilts right, glides inferiorly
Left facets glide superiorly
compression on concavity
What motion would help if you had a nerve root problem on the R side
flex, Left rotation, L side bend would help
R rotation would bother
C spine motions & ROM
flexion: 50 degree
Ext: 60 degrees
Rotation: 160 deg total (80 each side)
Lateral Flex: 45 each side
C spine end feel
rotation: frim
lat flex: firm
Flexion: firm, soft (adipose neck tissue)
Ext: hard (facet joint), soft (excess adipose tissue)
C spine closed packed position
extension
C spine Loose packed position
flexion
TMJ ligaments
sphenomandibular
sylomandibular
Sphenomandibular
spine of spheno to ramus of mandible
checks anterior translation
Sylomandibular
styoloid process of temporal bone to posterior ramus
may limit protrusion- transverse plane
Mandibular depression
opening
upper joint initiates
little swing posterior of mandible (down & back)
Remaining part truly translation of condyle & disc together forward
Mandibular elevation
mouth closes
condyles roll anterior
condyles slide post
Mandibular protrusion
both mandibular condyles translate anterior
no roll, pure translation
Mandibular retraction
both mandibular condyles translate posteriorly
Lateral Deviation of mandible
condyle on ipsilateral side spins
condyle on the contralateral side translaters anteriorly
