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xray positioning > Cervical Exam > Flashcards

Cervical Exam Flashcards

1
Q

what are the structures demonstrated on an AP open mouth

A 
occiput (C0)-C3
dens
occipital condyles
mastoid processes
lateral masses
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2
Q

where do you measure for an APOM

A

at c-4 level

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3
Q

what is the film size for an APOM

and was is the SID/FFD

A

the smallest available
8x10
10x12

40

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4
Q

where is your central ray angle for an APOM

A

standard version of this projection is 90 degrees though the midpoint of the open mouth through C1

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5
Q

where is the central ray for an APOM

A

through the open mouth to the center of the film

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6
Q

how is the pt positioned in an APOM

A
  1. pts head is positioned sot hat the lower border of the upper incisors and the base of the occiput are in the same plane and perpendicular to the film
  2. the pts mouth is open as wide as possible, after you adjust the CR, collimation and the marker
  3. true AP without rotation or tilt

FIND THE ATLAS AND MOVE THE TEETH OUT OF THE PATH OF THE CR (work fast)

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7
Q

what its he collimation for an APOM

A

collimate about 5x5
infraorbital rim-mid mandible
(below eyes and above thyroid)

may be opened to 5x7 to view mastoids for specific analyses

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8
Q

where is the marker for an APOM

A

on the pts correct anatomical side, out of the structures, and inside the field blocker out of structures

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9
Q

what are the breathing instructions for an APOM

A

not necessary

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10
Q

what are the structures demonstrated for an AP lower cervical

A

C2-T2
(especially vertebral bodies, von luschka joints and transverse processes)

most doctors want to view the apices of the lungs in this view

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11
Q

what do you measure for an APLC

A

at c4 level

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12
Q

what is the film size for an APLC

A

use the smallest film available
8x10
10x12

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13
Q

what is the SID/FFD for an APLC

A

40” or adjusted for central ray angle

mvoe tube in 1inch for every 5 degrees of central ray angle to maintain 40” SID

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14
Q

what is the central ray for an APLC

A

15 degrees cephalad to accommodate for cervical curve and to elongate uncinate processes

the lateral cervical may be taken first to determine angle adjustment for increased or decreased cervical curve

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15
Q

where is the central ray for an APLC

A

C4 at top of thyroid cartilage

above adam’s apple

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16
Q

how is the pt positioned for an APLC

A
  1. seated, upright, facing tube
  2. raise chin, extending head so that the ANGLED CENTRAL RAY is in a line from the lower edge of the chine to the base of the occiput
  3. true AP without rotation or tilt (lateral flexion)
17
Q

what is the patient management for an APLC

A

gowned with all potential artifacts from waist up to head remoeved

18
Q

what is the collimation for an APLC

A

from episterna (jugular) notch to inferior mandibular body @ 6x9 works well

19
Q

what are the breathing instructions for an APLC

A

suspend respiration if necessary to eliminate motion

20
Q

what are the structures demonstrated for a lateral cervical

A

occiput through T1

and immediate adjacent bony and soft tissue structures

21
Q

where do you measure for a lateral cervical

A

at the base of the neck at approximately C6,7 (vertebral prominent)

22
Q

what film size do you use for a lateral cervical

A

10x12

23
Q

what is the SID/FFD for a lateral cervical

A

72 inches

to reduce magnification of structures due to increased object image distance OID

24
Q

what its he central ray angle for a lateral cervical

A

none

25
Q

what is the central ray for a lateral cervical

A

horizontal central ray at 90 degrees directed through C4

there vertical component of the central ray is posterior to he ear through atlas/mastoid tip area

26
Q

what is the pt’s position

A
  1. pt should be in the upright but relaxed neutral position
  2. the hard palate should be level
  3. left shoulder lightly resting against the bucky
  4. the pt’s shoulders maximally depress and arms hanging at their sides
  5. true lateral without rotation or tilt (lateral flexion)
27
Q

what its he collimation for a lateral cervical

A

collimate to the spine
width of back of the head down to back of the shoulders behind outer cats of the eye

top of ear to sternal notch

7x11

28
Q

what are the breathing instructions for a lateral cervical

A

suspended full expiration to relax the shoulders and clear the lower cervical region

xray positioning (4 decks)

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