Cervical Exam Flashcards
what are the structures demonstrated on an AP open mouth
occiput (C0)-C3 dens occipital condyles mastoid processes lateral masses
where do you measure for an APOM
at c-4 level
what is the film size for an APOM
and was is the SID/FFD
the smallest available
8x10
10x12
40
where is your central ray angle for an APOM
standard version of this projection is 90 degrees though the midpoint of the open mouth through C1
where is the central ray for an APOM
through the open mouth to the center of the film
how is the pt positioned in an APOM
- pts head is positioned sot hat the lower border of the upper incisors and the base of the occiput are in the same plane and perpendicular to the film
- the pts mouth is open as wide as possible, after you adjust the CR, collimation and the marker
- true AP without rotation or tilt
FIND THE ATLAS AND MOVE THE TEETH OUT OF THE PATH OF THE CR (work fast)
what its he collimation for an APOM
collimate about 5x5
infraorbital rim-mid mandible
(below eyes and above thyroid)
may be opened to 5x7 to view mastoids for specific analyses
where is the marker for an APOM
on the pts correct anatomical side, out of the structures, and inside the field blocker out of structures
what are the breathing instructions for an APOM
not necessary
what are the structures demonstrated for an AP lower cervical
C2-T2
(especially vertebral bodies, von luschka joints and transverse processes)
most doctors want to view the apices of the lungs in this view
what do you measure for an APLC
at c4 level
what is the film size for an APLC
use the smallest film available
8x10
10x12
what is the SID/FFD for an APLC
40” or adjusted for central ray angle
mvoe tube in 1inch for every 5 degrees of central ray angle to maintain 40” SID
what is the central ray for an APLC
15 degrees cephalad to accommodate for cervical curve and to elongate uncinate processes
the lateral cervical may be taken first to determine angle adjustment for increased or decreased cervical curve
where is the central ray for an APLC
C4 at top of thyroid cartilage
above adam’s apple
how is the pt positioned for an APLC
- seated, upright, facing tube
- raise chin, extending head so that the ANGLED CENTRAL RAY is in a line from the lower edge of the chine to the base of the occiput
- true AP without rotation or tilt (lateral flexion)
what is the patient management for an APLC
gowned with all potential artifacts from waist up to head remoeved
what is the collimation for an APLC
from episterna (jugular) notch to inferior mandibular body @ 6x9 works well
what are the breathing instructions for an APLC
suspend respiration if necessary to eliminate motion
what are the structures demonstrated for a lateral cervical
occiput through T1
and immediate adjacent bony and soft tissue structures
where do you measure for a lateral cervical
at the base of the neck at approximately C6,7 (vertebral prominent)
what film size do you use for a lateral cervical
10x12
what is the SID/FFD for a lateral cervical
72 inches
to reduce magnification of structures due to increased object image distance OID
what its he central ray angle for a lateral cervical
none
what is the central ray for a lateral cervical
horizontal central ray at 90 degrees directed through C4
there vertical component of the central ray is posterior to he ear through atlas/mastoid tip area
what is the pt’s position
- pt should be in the upright but relaxed neutral position
- the hard palate should be level
- left shoulder lightly resting against the bucky
- the pt’s shoulders maximally depress and arms hanging at their sides
- true lateral without rotation or tilt (lateral flexion)
what its he collimation for a lateral cervical
collimate to the spine
width of back of the head down to back of the shoulders behind outer cats of the eye
top of ear to sternal notch
7x11
what are the breathing instructions for a lateral cervical
suspended full expiration to relax the shoulders and clear the lower cervical region
