cervical cancer Flashcards
majority of cervical cancers?
squamous cell carcinoma
SCC involves infection with HPV?
16 and 18
risk factors for getting infection?
80%
risk factors for getting infection?
high parity smoking regular unprotected sex early age of sexual activity immunosuppression prolonged use of contraceptive pill
consequences of infection?
infection without any cellular changes and development of immunity
persistence of infection, uptake of viral DNA into cells and changes to epithelial cells known as DYSKARIOSIS
persistence of infection, uptake of viral DNA into cells and changes to epithelial cells known as
DYSKARIOSIS
precursor lesion of invasive carcinoma?
CIN
how is dyskariosis diagnosed?
cytology
how is CIN diagnosed?
it is a histological diagnosis made on biopsy
CIN 1 risk of progeression to cancer?
1%
CIN II risk of cancer?
5%
CIN III risk progression of cancer?
12%
what is glandular intraepithelial neoplasia?
precursor lesion for invasive adenocarcinoma
GIN involves which epithelium?
columnar epithelium of the endocervix
age range of the screening programme of smear test?
25 - 64
what age do you get a smear test every 3 years.
25-49
when do you get a smear every 5 years?
50-64
what is the purpose of the screening programme?
to obtain cervical cells for cytology
if cytology is inflammatory what do you do
repeat in 3 months
if cytology borderline?
repeat in 6 months
mild dyskaryosis?
repeat in 6 months
when do you refer for colposcopy?
moderate and severe dyskaryosis and glandular abnormalities
what does colposcopy involve?
Involves looking up close at the cervix with speculum and microscope
two stains use in colposcopy?
acetic acid (goes white) and iodine (goes brown)
