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OMM M1T2E3 > Cervical Biomechanics > Flashcards

Cervical Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

What permits motion in cervical region?

A

shape of bone and characteristics of discs

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2
Q

What guides motion in cervical region?

A

facet joints

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3
Q

What restrains motion in cervical region?

A

ligaments

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4
Q

What produces motion in cervical region?

A

musculature

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5
Q

How is the cervical region subdivided?

A

occipito-altantal
atlanto-axial
C2-C6
C7

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6
Q

Name two types of motion.

A

Major motion and freeplay motion

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7
Q

Somatic Dysfunction commonly involves loss of which type of movement?

A

freeplay

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8
Q

In occipito-atlantal biomechanics what is the range of motion in flexion & extension? sidebending? rotation?

A

Flexion/Extension - 20 degrees
Sidebending - 5 degrees
Rotation - 3-8 degrees

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9
Q

Does occipito Atlantal biomechanics have type I or type II LIKE mechanics?

A

type 1; usually flexed or extended - rarely neutral

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10
Q

What arteries are vulnerable to occipito atlantal dysfunction?

A

vertebral artery

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11
Q

Which muscles are involved with OA?

A

rectus capitus anterior, rectus capitis lateralis, longus capitis, rectus capitis posterior minor

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12
Q

What is the range of motion in the Atlanto-axial region? rotation? flexion/extension? sidebending?

A

Rotation 40 degrees
Flexion/Extension 20 degrees
Sidebending 5 degrees

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13
Q

Where does most of cervical rotation occur?

A

between occiput and c2; 50% at C1/C2

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14
Q

What type of dysfunction occurs at C1?

A

rotation

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15
Q

What is a contraindication for cervical HVLA?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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16
Q

What muscles are involved with C1/C2?

A

obliquus capitis superior and inferior

17
Q

Levator scapulae can restrict which segment?

A

C1

18
Q

Between C2 and C7 how are the facet joints angled?

A

at oblique angle

19
Q

What is the movement of the SCM?

A

sidebends toward and rotates away

20
Q

What is the movement of the anterior scalene muscles?

A

sidebend and rotate toward

21
Q

What is origin and insertion of splenius capitis?

A

mastoid and spines of C3-T3

22
Q

What is the origin and insertion of splenius cervicis?

A

tp of C1-C3 and spines of T3-T6

23
Q

What is the origin and insertion of semispinalis capitis?

A

occiput, tp C4-T7

24
Q

What is the origin and insertion of semispinalis cervicis?

A

sp c2-c5 to tp of T1-T6

25
Q

What is the origin and insertion of semispinalis thoracis?

A

sp C6-T4 to tp of T6 to T10

26
Q

Skeletal spine can hold only ____ lbs.

A

4.4 lbs (needs musculature)

27
Q

What type of mechanics do C2-C6 follow?

A

type II LIKE

28
Q

Where does most flexion and extension happen between C2-C7?

A

C4-C5 and C5-C6

29
Q

Which position (flexed, extended, neutral) is least common?

A

neutral

30
Q

In what order would you treat multiple segmental dysfunctions?

A
  1. OA
  2. C7/T1
  3. C2-C6
  4. C1
31
Q

Which vertebral segment does not have a dermatome?

A

C1

32
Q

In the spine, as loads increase stability (increases/decreases)?

A

increases

33
Q

The annular fibers are alternating at what angle?

A

30 degrees

34
Q

At what angle are discs stiffest? weakest?

A

15 degrees; 90 degrees

35
Q

In which direction do normal discs bulge? flatten?

A

toward the direction of motion; flatten on opposite side

36
Q

In degenerating discs which direction to discs buldge? flatten?

A

away from the direction of motion; flatten on same side

37
Q

In which area does disc failure require the greatest force?

A

lumbar region (5300 N) compared to cervical (75 N)

38
Q

What is a Newton?

A

unit of force F=ma; one Newton is force required to give a mass of 1 Kg an acceleration of one meter per second per second.

39
Q

Repetitive axial vibration is theorized to be an important factor for ?

A

disc herniation

OMM M1T2E3 (9 decks)

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