Cervical Biomechanics Flashcards
What permits motion in cervical region?
shape of bone and characteristics of discs
What guides motion in cervical region?
facet joints
What restrains motion in cervical region?
ligaments
What produces motion in cervical region?
musculature
How is the cervical region subdivided?
occipito-altantal
atlanto-axial
C2-C6
C7
Name two types of motion.
Major motion and freeplay motion
Somatic Dysfunction commonly involves loss of which type of movement?
freeplay
In occipito-atlantal biomechanics what is the range of motion in flexion & extension? sidebending? rotation?
Flexion/Extension - 20 degrees
Sidebending - 5 degrees
Rotation - 3-8 degrees
Does occipito Atlantal biomechanics have type I or type II LIKE mechanics?
type 1; usually flexed or extended - rarely neutral
What arteries are vulnerable to occipito atlantal dysfunction?
vertebral artery
Which muscles are involved with OA?
rectus capitus anterior, rectus capitis lateralis, longus capitis, rectus capitis posterior minor
What is the range of motion in the Atlanto-axial region? rotation? flexion/extension? sidebending?
Rotation 40 degrees
Flexion/Extension 20 degrees
Sidebending 5 degrees
Where does most of cervical rotation occur?
between occiput and c2; 50% at C1/C2
What type of dysfunction occurs at C1?
rotation
What is a contraindication for cervical HVLA?
Rheumatoid arthritis
What muscles are involved with C1/C2?
obliquus capitis superior and inferior
Levator scapulae can restrict which segment?
C1
Between C2 and C7 how are the facet joints angled?
at oblique angle
What is the movement of the SCM?
sidebends toward and rotates away
What is the movement of the anterior scalene muscles?
sidebend and rotate toward
What is origin and insertion of splenius capitis?
mastoid and spines of C3-T3
What is the origin and insertion of splenius cervicis?
tp of C1-C3 and spines of T3-T6
What is the origin and insertion of semispinalis capitis?
occiput, tp C4-T7
What is the origin and insertion of semispinalis cervicis?
sp c2-c5 to tp of T1-T6
What is the origin and insertion of semispinalis thoracis?
sp C6-T4 to tp of T6 to T10
Skeletal spine can hold only ____ lbs.
4.4 lbs (needs musculature)
What type of mechanics do C2-C6 follow?
type II LIKE
Where does most flexion and extension happen between C2-C7?
C4-C5 and C5-C6
Which position (flexed, extended, neutral) is least common?
neutral
In what order would you treat multiple segmental dysfunctions?
- OA
- C7/T1
- C2-C6
- C1
Which vertebral segment does not have a dermatome?
C1
In the spine, as loads increase stability (increases/decreases)?
increases
The annular fibers are alternating at what angle?
30 degrees
At what angle are discs stiffest? weakest?
15 degrees; 90 degrees
In which direction do normal discs bulge? flatten?
toward the direction of motion; flatten on opposite side
In degenerating discs which direction to discs buldge? flatten?
away from the direction of motion; flatten on same side
In which area does disc failure require the greatest force?
lumbar region (5300 N) compared to cervical (75 N)
What is a Newton?
unit of force F=ma; one Newton is force required to give a mass of 1 Kg an acceleration of one meter per second per second.
Repetitive axial vibration is theorized to be an important factor for ?
disc herniation
