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Providence > Cervical Anatomy > Flashcards

Cervical Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How does the disc receive nourishment from the subchondral vascular network?

A

The subchodral vascular network provides nutrients to the nucleus through osmosis.

The annulus receives nourishment from the its vascular system. Oxygen, glucose, amino acids.

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2
Q

What causes disc degeneration?

A

Lack of nutrition.

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3
Q

What does the muscular system do?

A

Supports and stabilizes the spine. Allows movement of anatomy.

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4
Q

What do tendons and ligaments do?

A

Tendons connect muscle to bone.

Ligaments connect bone to bone.

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5
Q

What are the major ligaments of the spine?

A 
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Ligamentum Flavum
Interspinous Ligament
Supraspinous Ligament
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6
Q

Ligamentum Flavum

A

Runs base of skull to pelvis - infront of and between lamina - and in front of facet joint

Protects spinal cord and nerve roots

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7
Q

Interspinous Ligament

A

Runs between spinous process and is attached to Ligamentum Flavum.

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8
Q

Supraspinous Ligament

A

Attaches tip of each spinous process to the other.

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9
Q

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

A

Primary spine stabilizer - 1 inch wide
Runs the entire length of the spine
Connects the front of VB to front of Annulus

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10
Q

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

A

Located within vertebral canal
Attaches along posterior surfaces of vertebral bodies
Prevents hyperFLEXION of the vertebral column

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11
Q

The brain and spinal cord together make up the…..

A

Centeral Nervous System

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12
Q

The central nervous system is made up of the…..

A

Brain and spinal cord.

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13
Q

What are six important things to know about the spinal cord?

A

Most important structure between the body and the brain

Long, thin, bundle of nervous tissue and support cells

Extends from FORAMEN MAGNUM, continuous from the MEDULLA to L1 or L2

Spinal cord ends around L1 or L2 and is replaced by Cauda Equina - which is a dural sac contain all the nerve roots.

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14
Q

What are the functions of the spinal cord?

A

Transmission of neural signals between brain and body

Controls reflexes and central pattern generators.

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15
Q

What functions are controlled from C1 to C4?

A

Breathing / Head and neck movement

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16
Q

What functions are controlled from C4 to C6?

A

Heart rate / shoulder movement

17
Q

What functions are controlled from C6 to C7?

A

Wrist / elbow movements

18
Q

What functions are controlled from C7 to T1?

A

Hand / finger movement

19
Q

What functions are controlled from T1 to T12?

A

Sympathetic tone - including temperature regulation and trunk stability

20
Q

What functions are controlled from Tll to L2?

A

Ejaculation / Hip movement (L2)

21
Q

What functions are controlled from L3?

A

Knee extension

22
Q

What functions are controlled from L4 to S1?

A

Foot motion / Knee flexion

23
Q

What functions are controlled from S2 to S5?

A

Penile erection (S2 to S4) / Bowel and bladder activity (S2, S3)

24
Q

What three layers of tissue protect the spinal cord?

A 
Pia Matter (inner)
Arachnoid Matter ( Middle)
Dura Matter (Outer)
25
Q

The Pia, arachnoid, and dura matter are known as?

A

Spinal meninges

26
Q

Pia Matter

A

Innermost protective layer

Delicate, tightly associated with the surface of the spinal cord

27
Q

Arachnoid Matter

A

Middle protective layer, spiderweb-like appearance

28
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

Space between the arachnoid and underlying pia matter.

Contains CSF.

29
Q

Dura Matter

A

Outermost layer
Tough protective coating
Dural sac ends at the vertebral level of the second sacral vertebra

30
Q

Tell about nerve roots….

A

Two rows of nerve roots

Nerve roots join distally to form 31 pairs of spinal nerves

31
Q

What are the six most important muscles to know for DTRAX?

A 
Semispinalis Capitis
Semispinalis Cervicis
Splenius Capitis
Splenius Cervicis
Multifidus
Trapezius
32
Q

What makes the cervical anatomy unique?

A

The vertebral body is smaller than the underlying vertebrae
The uncinate process or the unco-apophysis on lateral sides of the VB
Spinous process are forked or bifid from C3 to C6
C7 very long (vertebra prominent)

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