Cervical Flashcards
Reinforces anterior disc and limits extension…ligament?
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
Reinforces posterior discs, limits flexion
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Thicker than in thoracic/lumbar regions
Limits flexion
Ligamentum nuchae = supraspinous ligament
Limit flexion and rotation/limits lateral flexion
Interspinous/intertransverse ligaments
Attach lamina of one vertebrae to another, reinforces articular facets
Limits flexion and rotation
Ligamentum flavum
Damage that may occur with hyperextension injuries
Tearing of SCM muscle, longissimus coli muscle
Pharyngeal edema, tearing of the anterior longitudinal ligament, Separation of cartilaginous end plate of the intervetebral disc
Damages that may occur with hyperflexion type injuries
Tears of the posterior cervical muscles
Tears of the ligamentum nuchae
Tears of the posterior longitudinal ligament
Intervertebral disc injury
Treatment of traumatic sprains and strains
AROM (after pain and edema are controlled), cervical isometric strengthening exercises, education in cervical posture mechanics
Avoid reproducing the motion that caused the injury
Full recovery involves the elimination of pain and swelling initially, rest from any aggravating positions, return of normal cervical spine ROM, enhanced muscle strength, postural awareness actvs
Involves chronic degenerative disc that results from ‘wear an tear on the WB structures of the C-spine
Spondylosis
Longterm goals spondylosis
Protection from unwanted forces
Instruction in cervical posture mechanics
Flexibility exercises
Strengthening activities
Causative factors of spondylosis
sustained impact loading and repetitive micro-trauma
mechanical compression or inflammation of a nerve root which causes neurologic symptoms into the UEs
Radiculopathy
S and S of radiculopathy
peripheral pain, radicular signs, local cervical pain, scapular pain
Cervical Dermatomes ……C1
Top of head
Cervical Dermatomes ……C2
Temporal area
Cervical Dermatomes ……C3
Sides of jaw, anterior neck
Cervical Dermatomes ……C4
Anterior shoulders, clavicles
Cervical Dermatomes ……C5
Anterior upper arm
Cervical Dermatomes ……C6
Anterolateral forearm
Cervical Dermatomes ……C7
Palmar aspect of middle finger
Cervical Dermatomes ……C8
Palmar aspect of 5th finger
Cervical Myotomes….C1-C2
Cervical Flexion
Cervical Myotomes….C3
Cervical Slide flexion
Cervical Myotomes….C4
Scapular elevation
Cervical Myotomes….C5
Shoulder Abduction
Cervical Myotomes….C6
Elbow flexion/ Wrist extension
Cervical Myotomes….C7
Elbow extension/ Wrist flexion
Cervical Myotomes….C8
Thumb extension
Cervical Myotomes….T1
Finger Abduction
Cervical Distraction Test Purpose
To test for the presence of cervical radiculopathy
Positive test: considered positive if symptoms are reduced
Is an increase in the thoracic posterior convexity that is manifested by a rounded-back (and protracted scapulae) posture
Kyphosis
Treatment of kyphosis:
Postural re-ed (ventilation, inhibition and stretching, spinal mobility)
How does OP (Osteoporosis) create kyphotic posture
OP causes anterior wedging of the involved segments and creates the kyphotic posture
Even though Disc herniations are rare where do they most commonly occur
9th- 12th thoracic vertebrae
For disc herniations what does treatment depend on
Whether the disc herniation is herniated laterally or centrally
Soft-tissue injuries usually involve direct contact (contusion during actvs) or indirect overstretching or contraction of the thoracic muscles
Thoracic Spine muscle injuries
Management ofThoracic Spine muscle injuries
Control of pain and edema
Active ROM actvs and strengthening (as allowed by pain)
Prone thoracic and lumbar extension exercises to pt’s tolerance
