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ortho > cervical > Flashcards

cervical Flashcards

1
Q

a. What are associated injuries that may be observed with unilateral facet dislocation?

A

i. Disruption of the non dislocated joint
ii. Concomitant fracture of either facet or the complete lateral mass
iii. Partial tearing of the PLL

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2
Q

a. How many z joints are there from C0 to T1?

A

a. 14
b. Typical synovial
c. Covered with hyaline cartilage

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3
Q

b. What is the average horizontal angle of the joint planes of Z joints?

A

a. ~45degrees

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4
Q

a. What segments does uncovertebral joints extend?

A

a. C3-T1
b. usually a total of 10 saddle shaped
c. Diarthrodial articulations
d. Formed between uncinate process found on the lateral aspect of the superior surface of the inferior vertebra
i. And the beveled inferior-lateral aspect of the superior vertbra

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5
Q

a. What did penning and wilmink highlight?

A

a. a correlation between uncovertbral join configuration and coupled cervical segmental motion of side bending/axial rotation

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6
Q

b. What did Clausen et al. find?

A

a. C5-6 segment study
b. Both z joints and Luschka joints are major contributors to coupled motion in the lowerd c spine
c. Uncinate processes effectively reduce motion coupling and primary cervical motion

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7
Q

a. What may a risk to invertebral foramina ?

A

a. Narrowing with certain motions

b. Osteophyte growth

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8
Q

a. What is the most common area for pathology of C spine?

A

a. C5/6

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9
Q

a. What is the thoracid outlet?

A

a. It is through which the neurovascular structures of the upper extremity pass
b. Formed by CTJ

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10
Q

b. What segments is the cervicothoracic juntion?

A

a. C7-T1
b. Includes C7, T1-T2
c. Ribs 1 and 2
d. Manubrium

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11
Q

a. Describe the PLL in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar

A

a. Broader and thicker in the cervical region than other regions

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12
Q

b. Describe the ALL from cervical to lumbar

A

a. Narrower in upper cervical
b. Wider at lower cervical
c. Compared to thoracic

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13
Q

a. Where does trapezius extend from and to?

A

a. EOP to T12

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14
Q

b. What is the innervation for trapezius?

A

a. CN XI

b. Fibers from the ventral rami of the third and fourth cervical spinal nerves

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15
Q

a. What muscle is frequently stretched in cervical flexion injuries?

A

a. Superior portion of the trapezius

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16
Q

a. In hyperextension what muscles contract?

A

a. Flexor muscles

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17
Q

b. In hyperflexion what muscles stretch?

A

a. Extensor muscles stretch

b. Anterior structures compress

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18
Q

a. What is the largest muscle in the anterior neck?

A

a. SCM

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19
Q

b. How does SCM attach inferiorly?

A

a. 2 heads from posterior aspect of the medial 1/3 of the clavicle and the manubrium of the sternum
b. Attaches to mastoid process

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20
Q

c. What is the motor supply of SCM? Sensory?

A

a. CN XI

b. Sensory innervation is supplied from ventral rami of C2 and C3

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21
Q

d. Englarged lymph nodes may indicate what?

A

a. Infection from resp. tract

b. Can cause torticollis

22
Q

a. What is a Clay Shoveler’s fracture?

A

a. Type of hyperflexion avulsion injury
b. Fracture of SP at base
i. Can extend into lamina
1) Greater potential for spinal cord injury

23
Q

b. What causes Clay Shoveler’s fracture?

A

a. Sudden extertions of the muscular attachments
b. Flexion injuries
i. Most common at C7>C6>T1
ii. Considered stable

24
Q

a. Scalenes have a critical relationship with what artery?

A

a. Subclavian artery

25
Q

b. Shortening of the scalene muscles will affect what?

A

a. The upper cervical spine
b. Distal attachments to the 1st and 2nd ribs
i. If in spasm. Elevate the ribs and be implicated in thoracic outlet syndrome

26
Q

a. What is thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

a. It is when size and shape of outlet is compressed and narrowed
b. May happen bc of posture
c. Muscle tightness
d. Excericse
e. Trauma
f. Pregnancy
g. Bieng born with extra rib

27
Q

a. TOS symptoms caused by what?

A

a. Compression of nerves, blood vessels or both
b. Can include:
i. Tingling or numbness in fingers hands arm shoulder or neck
ii. Weakness of hand or arm
1) Swelling
iii. Aching in shoulder or neck
iv. Worse when arm is lifted above shoulder

28
Q

a. Who are at risk to leading to TOS?

A

a. Those who stand for a long periods of time
i. Cashiers, assumbly line workers
ii. Head lean forward is the problem
iii. Carrying the heavy load on shoulders can develop compression in the outlet
iv. Athletes, repetitive overhead arm movements

29
Q

a. What would a swollen parotid gland indicate?

A

a. Mumps

b. Parotid gland covers the angle of the mandible

30
Q

b. What cervial segment is the thyroid gland?

A

a. C4/C5

31
Q

a. Upper cervical nerves 1-3 can cause

A

a. Neck and head pain
b. Rest of cervical nerves refer to shoulder, anterior chest, upper limb
i. Scapular area

32
Q

a. Why neurological muscle exam?

A

a. Muscle test will indicate any motor weakness

b. Demonstate integrity of the nerve supply

33
Q

a. What muscles used for wrist extension?

A

a. Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

b. Extensor carpi ulnaris (radial nerve)

34
Q

a. What is the bracioradialis reflex tested?

A

a. Proximal to the raidal styloid process

35
Q

a. Where does C6 dermatome supply sensation?

A

a. Lateral forearm thumb and 2nd digit

36
Q

a. What is the muscles for elbow extension?

A

a. Triceps (radial nerve)

37
Q

b. What muscles activate for wrist flexion?

A

a. Flewor carpi radialis (median nerve)

b. Flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar nerve)

38
Q

c. What muscles activate for finger extension?

A

a. Extensor digitorum communis
b. Extensor indicis profundus
c. Extensor digit mini (radial nerve)

39
Q

a. Where to tap for tricpes reflex?

A

a. Olecranon fossa

40
Q

a. What muscles actiavate during finger flexion?

A

a. Flexor digitorum superficialis
b. Flexor digitorum profundus
c. Lumbricals (median and ulnar nerves)

41
Q

a. What muscles activate during finger abduction?

A

a. Dorsal interossei (ulnar nerve)

42
Q

b. What muscles activate during finger adduction?

A

a. Palmer interossei (ulnar nerve)

43
Q

a. What is jerfferson fracture?

A

a. Burst fracture
b. Occurs with axial load and vertebral compression
c. Highly unstable
d. Patietns with down syndrome
e. Rheumotoid arthritis
f. Other destructive processes.
g. Increased predental space

44
Q

a. falling or stiking head into solid surface may lead to jefferson fracture T/F

A

a. True

45
Q

a. What is hangmans fracture?

A

a. Fracture of pars interarticularis of C2 and disruption of C2-C3 junction

46
Q

b. What neurologic injury can occur with hangmans fracture?

A

a. Significant horizontal translation w/ accompanying damage to the PLL w/wo damage of the C2-C3

47
Q

a. Blow to the forehead could cause what?

A

a. Force neck into extension
b. Produce fracture thru pedicles of C2
i. Traumatic spondyloslisthesis of C2

48
Q

a. What test is used for AROM examination?

A

a. O-donoghue maneuver

49
Q

a. What is Klippel-feil deformity?

A

a. 2 or more vertibrae are fused

50
Q

a. What scale is used to rate muscle strenght?

A

a. Oxford or van allen scale 0-5

ortho (5 decks)

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