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Ortho DX > Cervical > Flashcards

Cervical Flashcards

1
Q

The cervical spine consists of how many joints

A

37

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2
Q

T/F
Surgical scars that irregular, pitted in the anterior triangular could be thyroid surgery while a scar in the anterior portion of the neck would be from previous tuberculous adenitis

A

False

it is the opposite

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3
Q

T/ F Zygapophyseal facets provides bony stability

A

False

it provides very little stability

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4
Q

How many times of weight would it be for anterior head carriage

A

2 times

head would be 10 pounds per inch

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5
Q

what vertebral body is the hyoid bone located

A

C3

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6
Q

1st Cricoid ring is at what vertebral body level

A

C6

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7
Q

What is used as an anatomical landmark for anterior

A

Carotid tubercle

at level of C6 body

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8
Q

What test would be appropriate to perform on someone to confirm for possible osteophytes
state the positive and indicators

A

Swallowing test

  • difficult swallowing
  • indicates space occupying lesion on anterior portion of cervical spine , possible pharyngeal or esphagphogeal injury , myospam or osteophytes
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9
Q

T/F
In a unilateral facet disclocation
The inferior facet of the contralateral side moves anterior- superior and over the tip of the inferior articular facet of the involved side

A

False

the superior facet

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10
Q

name the associated injuries they may occur from unilateral facet dislocation

A
  • disruption of the non dislocated joint
  • concomitant fracture of either facet or the complete lateral mass
  • partial tearing of the PLL
  • addition bony fractures of cervical spine
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11
Q

T/F

there are 20 Zygapophyseal Joints in the cervical joints

A

14 from C0 - T1

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12
Q

what is average horizontal angle of the joint plane

A

45 degrees

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13
Q

Name the most common area for pathology in C- spine

A

C5/C6

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14
Q

Which segments does the Cervicothroacic junction functionally include

A

C7- T1, T2 / ribs 1+2 and manubrium

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15
Q

T/F
The ALL ligament is wider in there upper cervical spine but is narrower in the lower cervical spine than the thoracic region

A

False

narrower in the upper cervicals but wider in the lower cervical

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16
Q

T/F

The PLL is broader and thicker in the cervical region compared in the thoracic and lumbar regions

A

True

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17
Q

Name the nerve innervation for the trapezius

A

spinal accessory nerve XI and fibers from ventral rami of C4 & C3

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18
Q

T/F

The Superior portion of the trapezius is frequently stretched in extension

A

False

its is flexion

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19
Q

Name the AKAs for whiplash injuries that affect the trapezius

A

CAD
MVC
MVA

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20
Q

T/F

the most common type of collision for whiplash injuries is front collisions

A

False

rear collisions is more common

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21
Q

which muscles and ligaments are involved in hyperextension in the cervical region

A
  • Scalenes and SCM

- ALL ligament

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22
Q

Name the muscles that are involved in hyper flexion and the ligaments

A
  • trapezius
  • splenius capitis
  • rectus capitis
    ligaments = PLL, Superior nuchal ligament
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23
Q

What is the motor innervation and sensory innervation of the SCM

A
  • Spinal accessory

- ventral rami of C2 and C3

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24
Q

Enlarged lymph nodes of the cervical region may indicate what

A
  • infection

- torticollis

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25
Q

what is the AKA for torticollis

A

Wry Neck

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26
Q

In adults, when is it most frequently for torticollis to occur

A

between 3rd and 6th decades

27
Q

which muscle is considered the major stabilizer and elevator of the superior angle of the scapula

A

Levator Scapulae

28
Q

T/F

the Rhomboid minor is inactive during isolated head and neck movements

A

False
that is major
minor has slight association with the cervical spine

29
Q

Clay Shoveler’s Fracture is what type of avulsion injury

A

hyperflexion

fracture of spinous process at base

30
Q

T/F

the scalenes extend obliquely and share a critical relationship with the external carotid artery

A

False

subclavian artery

31
Q

which muscle can be implicated in the thoracic outlet syndrome

A

Scalenes

32
Q

thyroid gland line in line with what vertebral level

A

C4/C5

33
Q

when Parotid Gland is swollen what can it indicate

A

possible mumps

34
Q

T/F

the upper 3 cervical nerves can refer to symptoms to the shoulder, anterior chest, upper limb and scapular area

A

False
the upper 3 can cause neck and head pain
the lower cervicals can refer to those symptoms

35
Q

Name the C5 muscle testing

A
  • Deltoid Muscle - axillary nerve / shoulder abduction

- Biceps muscle- musculocutaneous nerve, forearm flexion

36
Q

What is C5 Reflex testing

A

Biceps Reflex- indicates neurological integrity of C5

- also has slight involvement of C6

37
Q

C5 Dermatome

A

Supplies sensation to the lateral arm

38
Q

C6 Muscle testing

A

wrist extension

  • extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
  • extensor carpi ulnaris
  • Radial Nerve
39
Q

C6 Reflex Testing

A

Brachioradialis Reflex

proximal to radial styloid process

40
Q

C6 dermatome

A
  • supplies sensation to lateral forearm , thumb, and 2nd digit
41
Q

C7 Muscle testing

A
  • Elbow Extension - triceps - Radial nerve
  • Wrist Flexion - flexor carpi radialis ( median Nerve) Flexor carpi ulnari (Ulnar Nerve)
  • Finger extension - extensor digitorum communis, extensor indicis profundus, extensor digiti minimi ( radial nerve)
42
Q

C7 reflex testing

A

Triceps reflex

43
Q

C7 Dermatome

A

supplies middle finger and middle of the palm of the hand unto the flexor wrist creases

44
Q

C8 Dermatome

A

Finger flexion: flexor digitorum superficialis

flexor digitorum profundus, lumbricals ( median and ulnar nerve)

45
Q

C8 Reflex Testing

A

No reflex

46
Q

Where does C8 supply sensation

A

the 4th and 5th digit , the ulnar side of the hand and the distal portion of the ulna

47
Q

T1 muscle Testing

A

Finger abduction: dorsal interossei (ulnar nerve)

Finger adduction: palmer interossei ( ulnar nerve)

48
Q

T1 reflex testing

A

no reflex

49
Q

T1 sensation is located where

A

is the medial side of the forearm and - 2” above and below the elbow joint

50
Q

name the location of the T2 dermatome

A

supplies the medial upper arm and the axillary region - 2” above the elbow upwards to the axilla

51
Q

T/f the significant arthrokinematic available to the z- joint in the cervical is inferior, medial and posterior glide of the inferior articular process of the superior facet during flexion

A

False
it is during extension
( is a superior, lateral and anterior glide during flexion )

52
Q

T/F

Rotation coupled with ipsilateral joint and flexion of the contralateral joint

A

True

53
Q

Describe a Jefferson Fracture

A

moderately unstable burst fracture

occurs at the axial load or vertebral compression

54
Q

what type of fractures can occur in patients with down’s syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and other destructive processes

A

Jefferson fracture

55
Q

What type of injuries may occur in a Jefferson’s Fracture?

A
  • diving into shallow water
  • head strikes an obstacle
  • may occur in MVA - (hyperextension and compression)
  • falling on head from height
56
Q

what happens in a Hangman’s Fracture

A

Fracture of pars interarticularis of C2 and disruption of C2- C3 junction

57
Q

T/F

In Hangman’s fracture, the MOI is from large traction force present in judicial hangings

A

False
usually will be significant horizontal translation w/ accompanying damage to PLL w/ or w/o damage of the C2-C3 interspace

58
Q

What is classic MOI of a Hangman’s fracture

A

blow on the forehead into extension - produces fractures thru the pedicles of C2
known as traumatic spondyloslisthesis of C2

59
Q

name the clinical signs and symptoms of serious pathology

A
  • unexplained weight loss
  • night pain
  • involvement of more than 1 nerve root
  • expanding pain
  • weak and painful resisted testing
  • spasm with PROM
  • T1 palsy
60
Q

T/F

50% flexion occurs at C4- C5

A

false

between C0-C1

61
Q

T/F

50% rotation occurs between C1 - C2

A

True

62
Q

T/f

Klippel- Feil Deformity
occurs where the bodies of 3 or more vertebras are fused

A

False

2 or more bodies are fused

63
Q

Motor loss to spinal ner root involves what nerve roots

A
  • Long thoracic
  • thoracodorsal
  • Subscapular
  • Suprascapular
  • Dorsal Scapular
  • Medial pectoral
  • Lateral pectoral
  • Axillary
  • Musculocutaneous
  • Radial
  • Median
  • Ulnar
64
Q

Sensory loss at the spinal nerve root involves which nerves

A
  • musculocutaneous
  • axillary - radial
  • median
  • ulnar

Ortho DX (6 decks)

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