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AWS > Certified Cloud Practitioner > Flashcards

Certified Cloud Practitioner Flashcards

1
Q

S3 access logs

A

see all requests made to bucket

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2
Q

Two types of S3 object replications

A

Cross-region and Same-region

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3
Q

S3 - Cross-region replication use case (3)

A

compliance, lower latency access, replication across accounts

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4
Q

S3 - Same-region replication use case (2)

A

log aggregation, live replication between production and test accounts

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5
Q

S3 - Name 6 storage classes

A
  1. Standard General Purpose
  2. Standard Infrequent Access (IA)
  3. One Zone Infrequent Access
  4. Intelligent Tiering
  5. Glacier
  6. Glacier Deep Archive
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6
Q

S3 - Standard General Purpose class (availability, use case, failures)

A

99.99% availability
Frequently accessed data
Sustain 2 concurrent facility failures

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7
Q

S3 - Standard Infrequent Access class (availability, use case, fees)

A

99.9% availability
Less frequently accessed, but rapid when needed
Cheaper at rest, but retrieval fee

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8
Q

S3 - One Zone Infrequent Access class (availability, replication, cost, use case)

A

99.5% availability
Not replicated across AZ
Lower cost than IA
Storing backups or easily recreated data

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9
Q

S3 - Intelligent Tiering class (availability, latency, what does it do)

A

99.9% availability
Same low latency as standard access
Auto moves objects between frequent/infrequent access

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10
Q

S3 - Glacier class (cost, retrieval times and fees)

A

Low cost

Different retrieval times and fees

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11
Q

S3 - Glacier Deep Archive class (retrieval for one file, retrieval for bulk files, relative cost)

A

12 hours retrieval for one file
48 hours for bulk files
Cheapest option

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12
Q

S3 - Durability and Availability

A 
Durability = 99.999999999% (11 9's)
Availability = 99.99% for standard
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13
Q

S3 - Object Lock & Vault Lock (what it does, use case)

A

File written once and never deleted

Useful for compliance and data retention

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14
Q

What is Snow used for? (2)

A

Data migration and Edge computing

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15
Q

Snow - Which services are for Data Migration? (3)

A

Snowcone
Snowball Edge
SnowMobile

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16
Q

Snow - Which services are for Edge Computing? (2)

A

Snowcone

Snowball Edge

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17
Q

Snow - Snowball Edge (use case, two classes w/ capacity)

A

Physical transport of data, large data cloud migration
Storage Optimized: 80TB
Compute Optimized: 42TB

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18
Q

Snow - Snowcone (capacity, size, what service to send data to AWS?)

A

8TB
Rugged, small
AWS DataSync

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19
Q

Snow - SnowMobile (capacity for one, capacity for multiple, best for this capacity and more)

A

100PB of data per
Exabytes of data for multiple
Better for more than 10PB

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20
Q

Snow - Edge Computing use cases (2)

A

Limited/no internet or computing power

Useful to preprocess data, machine learning, transcoding media streams

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21
Q

Snow - Edge Computing can run which two services?

A

EC2 instances

Lambda functions

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22
Q

Snow - Software used to connect to Snow devices

A

OpsHub

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23
Q

Storage Gateway - use case, services (3)

A

Hybrid cloud

Bridge on-prem with cloud, EBS, S3, Glacier

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24
Q

RDS - capabilities (3)

A

Automatic provisioning and OS patching
Backups and restore
Monitoring

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25
Q

RDS - additional features (3)

A

Read replicas
Multi AZ - failover
Multi region - for read replicas

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26
Q

RDS - read replicas - what it is, how many can you have, how data moves

A

Copy of RDS
Up to 5
Data only written to one, copied to replicas

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27
Q

RDS - one drawback

A

No SSH access

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28
Q

Aurora - two DB types

A

PostreSQL

MySQL

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29
Q

Aurora - two advantages over RDS

A

Cloud optimized - faster

Storage automatically grows up to 64TB in 10TB increments

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30
Q

Aurora - two disadvantages over RDS

A

Costs more

Not in free tier

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31
Q

Elasticache - what is it, two techs, why

A

In memory database
Managed Redis or Memcached
Help reduce load of databases for READ intensive workloads

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32
Q

DynamoDB - what is it

A

NoSQL database, key/value

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33
Q

DynamoDB - three advantages

A

Replication across 3 AZ
Low latency
Serverless

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34
Q

DynamoDB - what can be enabled for performance improvement, how does it work?

A 
DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX)
Fully managed in-memory cache for performance improvement
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35
Q

Redshift - use cases (3)

A

OLAP (online analytical processing)
Analytics
Data warehousing

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36
Q

Redshift - difference between other databases

A

Load data once every hour instead of every second or on demand

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37
Q

Redshift - cost model

A

Pay as you go based on instances provisioned

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38
Q

Redshift - how to query data

A

SQL

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39
Q

Redshift - what does it integrate with? (2)

A

BI tools like AWS Quicksight or Tableau

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40
Q

Elastic MapReduce (EMR) - what is it used for?

A

Hadoop clusters (big data)

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41
Q

Elastic MapReduce (EMR) - how can it be provisioned? (2)

A

Auto-scaling and spot instances

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42
Q

Athena - what is it

A

Full serverless database with SQL capabilities to query data in S3

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43
Q

Athena - cost model

A

Pay per query

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44
Q

Athena - where do query results go?

A

Back to S3

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45
Q

Quicksight - what is it

A

Serverless machine learning-powerd BI tool to create interactive dashboards

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46
Q

Quicksight - cost model

A

Per session pricing

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47
Q

Quicksight - integrations (5)

A 
RDS
Aurora
Athena
Redshift
S3
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48
Q

DocumentDB - what is it

A

NoSQL database

Aurora version of MongoDB

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49
Q

Neptune - what is it

A

Graph database

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50
Q

Neptune - replication (2)

A

Across 3 AZ and 15 read replicas

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51
Q

Neptune - use cases (3)

A

Fraud detection
Recommendation engines
Social networking

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52
Q

Quantum Ledger Database (QLDB) - what is it (2)

A

Ledger of recorded changes to data

Review history of all changes made to application data

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53
Q

Quantum Ledger Database (QLDB) - advantages (2)

A

Immutable system, cryptographic hash

More performant than common ledger blockchains

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54
Q

Quantum Ledger Database (QLDB) - how is data queried?

A

SQL

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55
Q

Quantum Ledger Database (QLDB) - is it decentralized?

A

No, there is no decentralization

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56
Q

Managed Blockchain - what is it used for

A

Join public blockchain network or create your own private network

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57
Q

Managed Blockchain - compatible with which two blockchains?

A

Hyperledger

Ethereum

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58
Q

Managed Blockchain - is it decentralized?

A

Yes

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59
Q

Database Migration Service (DMS) - what is it

A

Quickly and securly migrate database to AWS

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60
Q

Database Migration Service (DMS) - two types of migrations

A

Homogenous (postgres –> postgres)

Heterogenous (mysql –> postgres)

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61
Q

Glue - what is it for (2)

A

Managed ETL

To prepare and transform data for analytics, possibly from multiple sources

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62
Q

Glue - how is it provisioned?

A

Serverless

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63
Q

Glue - example usage (extract, transform, load)

A

Extract data from S3 and RDS, transform, load into Redshift

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64
Q

EBS - definition

A

Network drive attached to EC2 instance

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65
Q

EBS - two constraints

A

Only attached to one instance at a time

Bound to a specific AZ

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66
Q

EBS - three features

A

Can be detached/attached quickly
Can increase capacity over time
Can attach multiple to one instance

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67
Q

EBS - delete on termination is on by default when? (2)

A

By default for root volume

Off for non-root volumes

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68
Q

EBS snapshots - can copy where (2)

A

Across AZ or Region

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69
Q

AMI - is specific to what?

A

A region

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70
Q

AMI - three types

A

Public AMI from AWS
Your own
AWS Marketplace AMI

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71
Q

AMI - creating one also does what?

A

Creates an EBS snapshot

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72
Q

EC2 Image Builder - does what

A

Automates the creation and testing of AMIs

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73
Q

EC2 Image Builder - two features

A

Can distribute resulting AMI across regions

Can be run on a schedule

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74
Q

EC2 Image Builder - cost model

A

Free service, only pay for underlying resources

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75
Q

Instance Store - what is it

A

Storage physically connected to server

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76
Q

Instance Store - advantage

A

Better performance

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77
Q

Instance Store - disadvantage

A

Storage is ephemeral and is lost when instance is stopped

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78
Q

Instance Store - what is it good for

A

Buffer, cache, or temporary content

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79
Q

EFS - advantage

A

Can be mounted to 100s of EC2 instances

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80
Q

EFS - constraint

A

Only works with Linux EC2

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81
Q

EFS - availability

A

Multi-AZ

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82
Q

EFS - Infrequent Access - cost and what it does

A

Lower cost

Move files to IA based on a lifecycle policy such as last time they were accessed

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83
Q

FSx - two types

A

Windows File Server

Lustre

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84
Q

FSx - one advantage

A

Can be accessed from AWS or on-prem infrastructure

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85
Q

FSx - Windows can integrate with what

A

Microsoft AD

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86
Q

FSx - Lustre is good for what

A

High performance computing

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87
Q

ECS - what it does

A

Launch docker instances on EC2

88
Q

ECS - advantages (3)

A

AWS takes care of starting and stopping containers
Have access to underlying containers
Can use an ALB

89
Q

Fargate - what it does

A

Launch docker instances

90
Q

Fargate - advantage

A

Serverless, do not need to provision EC2 instances

91
Q

Fargate - disadvantage (difference with ECS)

A

No access to underlying containers

92
Q

ECR - what is it and where to use it

A

A private docker registry

Store docker images to run on ECS or Fargate

93
Q

Lambda - what is it

A

Virtual functions that run on demand

94
Q

Lambda - monitoring

A

Cloudwatch

95
Q

Lambda - max execution time

A

Up to 15 minutes

96
Q

API Gateway - what is it

A

Expose Lambda function to client as an API

97
Q

API Gateway - two protocols

A

REST and Websocket

98
Q

Batch - what can you do

A

Run 100ks batch jobs

99
Q

Batch - how does it work (2)

A

Automatically provisions EC2 or Spot instances

Defined as Docker images

100
Q

Batch vs Lambda (4)

A

Batch: no time limit, any runtime, has instance store, relies on EC2

101
Q

Lightsail - what is it (2)

A

Deploy a simple web application with templates

For people with little cloud experience

102
Q

Lightsail - limitations (2)

A

No autoscaling

Limited AWS integrations

103
Q

CloudFormation CDK - what is it

A

Define cloud infrastructure using a familiar programming language

104
Q

Beanstalk - what is it (2)

A

Platform as as Service

Developer centric view of deploying an application

105
Q

Beanstalk - cost model

A

Free to use, but pay for underlying resources

106
Q

Beanstalk - three architectures that can be used and why

A

Single instance: good for dev
ELB + ASG: production web apps
ASG only: non-web, workers

107
Q

Beanstalk - health monitoring

A

Cloudwatch - fully managed

108
Q

CodeDeploy - can deploy where (2)

A

EC2 or on-premise servers

109
Q

CodeArtifact - what is it

A

Store and retrieve dependencies and packages

110
Q

CodeStar - what is it

A

Unified view to manage software development

CodeCommit, CodeBuild, CodePipeline, etc.

111
Q

Cloud9 - what is it

A

Cloud IDE for running, writing, and debugging code

112
Q

Cloud9 - two features (2)

A

Used within web browser

Real-time code collaboration

113
Q

Systems Manager (SSM) - what is it

A

Hybrid service to manage EC2 instances and on-prem systems at scale

114
Q

Systems Manager (SSM) - three things you can do

A

Automatic patching
Run commands across entire fleet of servers
Store parameter configuration

115
Q

OpsWorks - what is it

A

Managed Chef & Puppet instances

116
Q

Why global infrastructure? (3)

A

Decreased latency
Disaster recovery if a region goes down
Attack protection - harder to attack distributed app

117
Q

Route53 - routing policies and health check

A

Latency routing - no health check

Failover routing - has health check

118
Q

CloudFront - what is it and what is it good for

A

A global CDN with 216 edge locations

Improves read performance

119
Q

CloudFront - two origins (2)

A 
S3
Any HTTP (EC2, ELB, etc.)
120
Q

CloudFront - integration w/ two services to protect against attacks (and what kind)

A

Shield
WAF
DDoS

121
Q

S3 Transfer Acceleration - how it works

A

Increase speed by first transferring file to AWS edge location

122
Q

S3 Transfer Acceleration - example of when to use

A

If global application needs to upload files to specific S3 bucket in a region

123
Q

Global Accelerator - why, what is it and how it works (3)

A

Improve global application availability and performance
Leverage AWS internal network to route traffic to your application
Sent through edge location to specific region

124
Q

Outposts - what is it for

A

For hybrid cloud

125
Q

Outposts - what is it

A

Physical server racks that offer same AWS infrastructure as the cloud

126
Q

Outposts - why use it

A

Easier to migrate from on-prem to the cloud

127
Q

WaveLength - what is it (2)

A

Infrastructure deployments at the edge of 5G networks

Low latency for 5g apps

128
Q

CloudTrail - what is it used for (3)

A

Governance, compliance, and audit of AWS account

129
Q

CloudTrail - how it works

A

Monitor and get history of events / API calls made within your AWS account

130
Q

CloudTrail - data retention and how to increase, analyze

A

90 days by default

Send to S3 and analyze with Athena

131
Q

CloudTrail - Insights - what it is and how it works

A

Enable to detect unusual activity

Creates baseline from normal activity and compares

132
Q

X-Ray - what is it for (3)

A

Visual analysis of apps
Troubleshoot performance bottlenecks
Understand dependencies of microservices architecture

133
Q

CodeGuru - what is it

A

ML-powered service for automated code review and app performance

134
Q

NAT Gateway - what does it do

A

Allows private subnet access to internet

135
Q

Internet Gateway - what does it do

A

Route for public subnet to the internet

136
Q

Security Group vs Network ACL (2)

A

Security group: return traffic automatically allowed, allow rules only
Network ACL: must explicitly allow return traffic, allow and deny rules

137
Q

VPC Flow Logs - what is it

A

Info about IP traffic going to all interfaces

138
Q

VPC Peering

A

Connect two VPCs so they behave as one network

139
Q

VPC Endpoints - what is it

A

Connect AWS services using private network instead of public

140
Q

VPC Endpoints - two services you can connect to

A

S3

DynamoDB

141
Q

Transit Gateway - model and what it is

A

Hub and spoke connection to connect thousands of VPC and on-premise through one single gateway

142
Q

Shield - what is it

A

Protects against DDoS attack

143
Q

Shield - which services (3)

A

Route53, CloudFront, ELB

144
Q

Shield vs Shield Advanced

A

Advanced: 24/7 premium DDoS protection and response team

145
Q

WAF - what is it (2)

A

Filter specific requests based on rules

Protects against web exploits (layer 3 and 4)

146
Q

WAF - which services (4)

A

ALB
API Gateway
Cloudfront
AppSync

147
Q

KMS - what is it

A

AWS manages encryption keys

148
Q

CloudHSM - what is it

A

AWS provides encryption hardware and you manage your own keys

149
Q

ACM - what is it

A

Certificate manager to deploy SSL/TLS certificates

150
Q

Secrets Manager - what is it used for

A

Store secrets

151
Q

Secrets Manager - secrets can be generated using what service

A

Lambda

152
Q

Secrets Manager - can be integrated with what service

A

RDS

153
Q

Artifact - what is it

A

Portal to provide customers with on-demand access to AWS compliance and agreement docs

154
Q

GuardDuty - what is it, and it uses data from 3 places

A

ML algorithm to protect AWS account

Uses data from CloudTrail logs, VPC flow logs, DNS logs

155
Q

GuardDuty - what does it do as a result

A

Emits a Cloudwatch event

156
Q

Inspector - what is it

A

Automated security assessment of EC2 instances

157
Q

Config - what is it

A

Record configuration changes over time

158
Q

Config - what is it good for

A

Auditing and recording compliance of AWS resources

159
Q

Config vs CloudTrail

A

Config: see configuration changes over time
CloudTrail: see WHO made changes

160
Q

Macie - what is it

A

Data security and privacy service to discover sensitive info (PII) in S3

161
Q

Security Hub - what is it, what makes it unique to other security services

A

Central security tool across several AWS account

162
Q

Security Hub - what service must be enabled

A

Config

163
Q

Detective - what is it

A

ML for deeper analysis of security issues

164
Q

5 root user privileges

A 
Change account settings
View certain tax invoices
Close account
Change or cancel support plan
Register as a seller in Reserved Instance Marketplace
165
Q

Comprehend - what is it

A

Natural language processing

166
Q

SageMaker

A

Fully managed service to build ML models

167
Q

Kendra

A

Document search service powered by ML

168
Q

Personalize

A

Build apps with real-time personalized recommendations

169
Q

Service Control Policies (SCP) - what is it

A

Whitelist or blacklist IAM actions at the Organization or Account level

170
Q

Control Tower - what is it

A

Automate setup or Organizations and accounts in a multi-account environment

171
Q

Trusted Advisor - does what and provides recommendation for 5 things

A 
Analyze your account
Cost optimization
Performance
Security
Fault tolerance
Service limits
172
Q

Trusted Advisor - full TA and API access for which support plans (2)

A

Business

Enterprise

173
Q

Budgets - what is it used for

A

Set custom budgets that alert you when estimated costs or forecasted usage exceed or will exceed your budgeted amount

174
Q

Cost Explorer - what is it

A

Forecast usage up to 12 months based on previous usage

175
Q

Security Token Service (STS) - what is it

A

Create temporary, limited credentials

176
Q

Workspaces

A

Desktop as a service, windows and linux, access to AWS cloud

177
Q

AppStream

A

Deliver an app to any computer through the web browser

178
Q

Sumerian

A

Create and run VR, AR, 3D apps

179
Q

Device Farm

A

Fully-managed service to test web and mobile applications against real devices

180
Q

AWS Backup

A

Automate backups across AWS services

181
Q

CloudEndure

A

Recover physical, virtual, and cloud-based servers into AWS

182
Q

OpsHub - what is it

A

Software to connect to Snow devices

183
Q

DataSync - what is it

A

To connect Snow Devices to AWS to send data

184
Q

This service has encryption enabled by default

A

CloudTrail logs

185
Q

Highest possible discount for spot instances?

A

90%

186
Q

In what scenario does data transfer not cost anything?

A

Within the same region

187
Q

Each region consists of how many AZs

A

One or more

188
Q

Five pillars of well-architected framework

A 
Operational excellence
Security
Reliability
Performance efficiency
Cost optimization
189
Q

Three gateway types of Storage Gateway

A

Tape
File
Volume

190
Q

Services that are global in scope (4)

A

IAM
CloudFront
Route53
WAF

191
Q

Highest possible discount for reserved instances?

A

72

192
Q

Cost and Usage Report are used for what

A

Comprehensive breakdown of costs by hour

193
Q

Two mandatory elements of an IAM policy

A

Effect

Action

194
Q

Shield Advanced is a paid service for which support plans?

A

All plans

195
Q

Where is the Cloudwatch billing metric stored

A

Only us-east1

196
Q

Three types of budgets for AWS Budgets

A

Usage
Cost
Reservation

197
Q

Developer support plan - cases

A

Unlimited cases for 1 primary contact

198
Q

Developer support plan - feature

A

Email support during business hours

199
Q

Developer support plan - case severity / response time (2)

A

General guidance: <24 hours

System impaired: <12 hours

200
Q

Business support plan - use case

A

Production workloads

201
Q

Business support plan - cases

A

Unlimited cases, unlimited contacts

202
Q

Business support plan - access to support engineers

A

24/7 phone, email, and chat

203
Q

Business support plan - case severity / response time (4)

A

General guidance: < 24 hours
System impaired: < 12 hours
Production system impaired: < 4 hours
Production system down: < 1 hour

204
Q

Enterprise support plan - use case

A

Mission critical workloads

205
Q

Enterprise support plan - 4 features only for this plan

A

Technical account manager
Self-guided labs and instruction
Concierge support team
Infrastructure, well-architected, and operations reviews

206
Q

EC2 Reserved Instance types (3)

A

Standard: most discount - up to 72%
Convertible: can increase workload
Scheduled: launch on a predictable recurring schedule

207
Q

Two services of Route53

A

Health checks

Domain registration

208
Q

Security tool that allows you to review permissions granted to a user

A

IAM access advisor

209
Q

Customer data is the responsibility of AWS or customer?

A

Customer

210
Q

Operational Excellence - 3 design principles

A

Perform operations as code
Make frequent, small, reversible changes
Anticipate failure

211
Q

Security - 5 design principles

A 
Strong identity foundation
Enable traceability
Automation of security practices
Protect data in transit and at rest
Keep people away from data
212
Q

Reliability - 5 design principles

A 
Test recovery procedures
Automatically recover from failure
Scale horizontally
Stop guessing capacity
Automation
213
Q

Performance Efficiency - 5 design principles

A 
Use advanced tech
Go global in minutes
Use serverless
Experiment
Mechanical sympathy
214
Q

Cost Optimization - 4 design principles

A

Consumption mode - pay only for what you use
Measure efficiency
Analyze and attribute expenditure
Used managed services

215
Q

What can you buy on AWS Marketplace? (4)

A

Custom AMI
CloudFormation templates
SaaS
Docker images

216
Q

Three APN partner types and what they do

A

Technology partners: hardware, connectivity, software
Consulting partners: build on AWS
Training partners: find who can help you learn

AWS (1 decks)

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