Certified Brain Injury Practice Test Flashcards
List 4 major causes of acquired brain injury.
Hypoxia
Falls
Gunshots
DIffuse Axonal Injury
Why is brain injury often called the silent epidemic?
Issues resulting from a brain injury are not always immediately apparent
Brain injury is not always diagnosed correctly
True or False?
A secondary etiology of brain injury is hydrocephalus.
True
What type of injury has the highest incidence rate of TBI?
Falls
Accredited programs must demonstrate compliance with what 3 things?
Quality Standards
Performance Standards
Licensing Requirements
What is the most common symptom of mTBI?
Headache
What is the most common physical symptom of TBI?
DIzziness/ loss of balance
When do symptoms associated with mTBI occur and resolve?
Symptoms occur almost immediately and often resolve in 2-4 weeks.
What would a CT image determine?
Allow us to see swelling
brain hemorrhage
use x-ray beam to create a new image
Allow us to see a foreign object
Neuroplasticity is the ability of the nervous system to
change itself
form new connections
create new neurons
increase synapses
What are the two best treatment strategies for TBI?
Neuroprotection and neuroplasticity
A past assumption of prognosis for a Disorders of Consciousness that is now considered false is…
that neurons, once damaged, do not repair or recover
Arousal is maintained by the…
Reticular activating systems (RAS), a collection of primitive structures and nerve pathways in the brain
What type of post traumatic event is not typically termed or treated as epilepsy?
Immediate post-traumatic convulsions
What is the incidence of Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
Incidence is as high as 54% after TBI
Sleep disorders after TBI is reported in what %?
Reported in 30-70% of individuals with TBI.
4 things that persistent fatigue after a brain injury can contibute to…
engagement in day to day tasks
energy at work
concentration at school
social interaction
Psychological fatigue is associated with what?
stress, anxiety and depression
prolonged mental activity
decreased motivation
If a person presents with complaints of fatigue after a brain injury, the clinician should assess possible factors that may contribute including
attention and processing speed
mood
medication
sleep disturbances
Women with brain injuries are at an increased risk for
earlier onset of menopause
Medications after brain injury can increase an individual’s risk of…
can increase an individual’s risk for falling
Some of the most common neurologic complication of brain injury are:
seizure
headache
chronic pain
Individuals with a spinal cord injury are at risk for
increased mortality and morbidity
Individuals who incur a Spinal Cord Injury
more than half also incur a brain injury
A compensatory approach to rehabilitation is based on…
the assumption that certain neurological damage cannot be fully recovered so strategies are developed to accommodate these limitations
Patient factors that should be considered when providing cognitive rehabilitation after a brain injury
emotional and behavioral control
communication skills
medical status
Factors that should be considered when designing cognitive rehabilitation services for individuals
Functional Abilities
Level of Awareness
The three primary areas that must be addressed in order for overall stability to be established and maintained. The stability triangle
Establish Behavior Stability
Establish Medical Stability
Establish Stable Activity Plan
Neuropsychology focuses on the interaction of
Behavior and the nervous system
An organic personality disorder (3 things) is…
is a disorder that can include apathy, affective lability, uncontrolled emotions and aggression
is a post-injury diagnosis of personality disorder for individuals living with TBI
Is a disorder characterized by a change in personality from pre-injury personality
Pseudobulbar affect is defined as…
an involuntary loss of control of emotional expression without triggers
Up to ___/___ of people receiving rehabilitation for TBI or treatment for substance misuse have a history of both TBI and substance misuse
2/3
___% of those over 16 entered brain injury rehab that were using illicit drugs
12% entering were using illicit drugs
__% of those over 16 entering brain injury rehab who were misusing alcohol
23% of those over 16 entering brain injury rehab who were misusing alcohol
Screening tools developed to assess Substance Use Disorders (SUD)
C-A-C-S
CAGE
AUDIT
CRAFFT
SBI
Which severity of TBI and substance use disorder (SUD) that benefits from screening for TBI, accommodations and linages in a substance use disorder setting?
Persons with Low Severity TI and High severity SUD
The set of factors that had evidence of causal relationships in long-term consequences of TBI
Penetrating TBI and unprovoked seizures
Predictive outcomes of cognitive and functional outcomes in older adults with TBI are dependent on…
Age at injury, pre-existing medical conditions, Medication use
The environmental model
- rehabilitation addresses both the physical and social environments of the individual
- philosophy behind the development of supported living and supported employment
- can cause, define, and exaggerate disability
4 critical components to facilitating and maintaining therapeutic relationships include
person-first language
humaneness
communication
non-judgmental approaches
Iatrogenic is…
an Induced disease or problem caused by a physician, therapy or the medical setting itself
Tenets representative of a Person Centered Approach include…
Caregiver attitudes can help determine the outcome of the therapeutic process
all people have the capacity for self-direction
The Biopsychological Model of human behavior takes the following factors into consideration (4 things)
biological
cognitive-affective
social-interpersonal
cultural
Males have a return to work rate of nearly 24%, women have a return to work rate of __%
5%
Examples of acadenic accommodations that may be written into a 504 Accommodation Plan
Extended time on tests/assignments
Note takers for lectures
Dictation of written assignmetns or use of speech to text software
preferential seating
IDEA stands for
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
SBS/AHT causes
bleeding in the brain
brain swelling
bleeding in the eyes
70-85% of children who survive will have long term disabilities
Military families face…(4)
constant relocation
repeated deployment
shifting of emotional resources
shifting of material resources
Family Centered Services emphasizes
The person with the brain injury and families are partners
Care is comprehensive
tailored to meet need and values of patient and family
Cognitive Behavioral therapy includes the following components….
Activating event, belief, consequence
When a blast injury occurs, and energized debris or explosive fragments impact the head or body, this is considered
a secondary blast injury
Primary combat related injuries include
falls
blast events
gunshot wounds
When selecting a service provider, the patient should review the following…
accreditation
turnover rates
care guidelines
The legal rights of an individual with a brain injury
are the same as for any citizen
may be exercised by a legal representative if the individual is unable to exercise those rights, as determined by state law
State and Federal law mandate that the use of restraints
is a measure of last resort
The definition of validity is…
the degree to which an instrument actually measures what it is intended to measure
Who funds the TBI Model System?
The National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research
Measures used in post-acute rehabilitation include
Functional INdependence Measure (FIM) and Glasgow Coma Scale
The supported employment model emphasizes the use of a…rehabilitation professional, known as an employment specialist or job coach, to provide…
What are four barriers for return to employment?
Individualized assistance to help patient gain and maintain employment.
Four barriers for return to employment are: If there was a cognitive impairment The age at time of injury Minority status Pre-injury educational status
List 4 components of the The Comprehensive Integrated Day Treatment Model
Comprehensive Integrated Day Treatment Models are authorized under state vocational rehab plans
They use both individual & group therapy in a day tx model
They incorporate a vocational trial
They provide supported employment
Supported Employment Model provides…(3 things)
A jobseeker function assessment Job development with a job coach (employment specialist) On the job support Case management Long-term follow-up
Predominant factors of care giver burden include
physical impairments
mobility impairments
Impairments in metacognition affect a person’s
insight into their deficits
What is the stronger predictor of the cause of brain injury in children?
Age
The most brain maturation occurs during
0-5 years old
Male TBI outnumbers female TBI
2:1
DVT is the # cause of death in TBI beyond the first day of injury?
Third leading cause of death in TBI beyond the first day of injury
What are the Types of prophylaxis used for TBI
Prophylaxis can include medications, vena cava filters, and compression stockings
