Certification Test Flashcards
Red Hat-based systems use what package file format and what management tools?
The package file format is rpm.
The package management tool is yum (or dnf, in the case of Fedora).
What command could you use to create a new empty directory named “Test” in your current working directory?
mkdir Test
The CentOS Linux distribution is based on what other distribution?
Red Hat
NGINX and Apache are two common open-source ___ _______.
Web servers
What is the difference between permissive and copyleft?
Copyleft is more restrictive in terms of licensing derivative works.
Would you use a standard release or a rolling release distribution for an enterprise Linux server installation?
Standard
What would the following line do if placed in a shell script?
rm -rf *
Nothing — it’s a comment ;-)
What does FLOSS stand for?
Free Libre Open-Source Software
What does ‘cloud_user@ip-10-0-1-10 $’ in the console mean?
The user cloud_user is logged into the host ip-10-0-1-10, and the shell is running with normal user privileges ($) and ready for commands.
What command could you use to reference the documentation of a CLI utility?
man or info, followed by the utility name
To what variable would you add the path to a shell script so you could execute it without referencing the path?
$PATH
What source does a Linux distribution typically use for installations?
The distribution’s software repository.
Does the useradd command create the home directory by default?
No.
useradd merely sets the home directory in /etc/passwd; it doesn’t create it by default.
What command could you use to display command history?
history
What provides the basic utilities expected to exist on an operating system?
The GNU Core utilities
What can dpkg-based systems use for package management?
apt
What is the basic format of a for loop?
for VARIABLE in SOMETHING
do COMMANDS
done
Which utility can be used to search for a pattern or string?
grep
Which utility can be used to count the number of words in a file?
wc
What is the basic format of an if statement?
if [ SOME_TEST ]
then
SOME_COMMANDS
fi
How is Linux provisioned in the cloud?
Through the Linux images supplied by the cloud provider.
What command would you use to open the info page for ls?
info ls
What command would you use to see all of the contents (but not ownership, permissions, ., or ..) of /tmp?
ls -A /tmp
How can a regular user elevate permissions for a particular command (if granted the ability in the /etc/sudoers file)?
sudo
What do we call the collection of data centers that provide compute, application, and storage services over the internet?
The cloud!
GPL is an example of what type of license?
Copyleft
How could you hide the file “file” from being shown in a directory listing?
Change it to .file
Which utilities can be used to print the contents of a file to the screen?
cat
less
more
What method/protocol do we use to securely connect to a remote Linux server?
SSH (Secure Shell)
An IP address can be assigned as static or ____.
DHCP
Would you use Samba or NFS to share files with Windows users?
Samba. (Samba is a file sharing service that uses CIFS for compatibility with Windows devices.)
What command could you use to create a new empty file named “file1” in your current working directory?
touch file1
What happens to a symbolic link if the target file is moved or deleted?
Nothing; the link persists but the old destination is no longer reachable.
What command(s) could you use to view all running processes?
ps aux
ps -eF
(lots of other options)
What command could you use to create a new directory called “Test” in the /tmp folder?
mkdir /tmp/Test
What commands could you use to resolve www.example.com to an IP address?
host www.example.com
dig www.example.com
What directory’s contents are cleared upon system boot?
/tmp
Shell scripts start with what sequence?
!
Name two popular open-source web servers.
Apache
NGINX
Is ../../tmp a relative or absolute path?
Relative
What is a PID?
A PID is a process ID and is an integer.
Which utility (by default) displays the last 10 lines of its input?
tail