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LPI Linux Essentials > Certification Test > Flashcards

Certification Test Flashcards

1
Q

Red Hat-based systems use what package file format and what management tools?

A

The package file format is rpm.

The package management tool is yum (or dnf, in the case of Fedora).

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2
Q

What command could you use to create a new empty directory named “Test” in your current working directory?

A

mkdir Test

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3
Q

The CentOS Linux distribution is based on what other distribution?

A

Red Hat

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4
Q

NGINX and Apache are two common open-source ___ _______.

A

Web servers

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5
Q

What is the difference between permissive and copyleft?

A

Copyleft is more restrictive in terms of licensing derivative works.

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6
Q

Would you use a standard release or a rolling release distribution for an enterprise Linux server installation?

A

Standard

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7
Q

What would the following line do if placed in a shell script?

rm -rf *

A

Nothing — it’s a comment ;-)

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8
Q

What does FLOSS stand for?

A

Free Libre Open-Source Software

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9
Q

What does ‘cloud_user@ip-10-0-1-10 $’ in the console mean?

A

The user cloud_user is logged into the host ip-10-0-1-10, and the shell is running with normal user privileges ($) and ready for commands.

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10
Q

What command could you use to reference the documentation of a CLI utility?

A

man or info, followed by the utility name

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11
Q

To what variable would you add the path to a shell script so you could execute it without referencing the path?

A

$PATH

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12
Q

What source does a Linux distribution typically use for installations?

A

The distribution’s software repository.

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13
Q

Does the useradd command create the home directory by default?

A

No.

useradd merely sets the home directory in /etc/passwd; it doesn’t create it by default.

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14
Q

What command could you use to display command history?

A

history

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15
Q

What provides the basic utilities expected to exist on an operating system?

A

The GNU Core utilities

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16
Q

What can dpkg-based systems use for package management?

A

apt

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17
Q

What is the basic format of a for loop?

A

for VARIABLE in SOMETHING
do COMMANDS
done

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18
Q

Which utility can be used to search for a pattern or string?

A

grep

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19
Q

Which utility can be used to count the number of words in a file?

A

wc

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20
Q

What is the basic format of an if statement?

A

if [ SOME_TEST ]
then
SOME_COMMANDS
fi

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21
Q

How is Linux provisioned in the cloud?

A

Through the Linux images supplied by the cloud provider.

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22
Q

What command would you use to open the info page for ls?

A

info ls

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23
Q

What command would you use to see all of the contents (but not ownership, permissions, ., or ..) of /tmp?

A

ls -A /tmp

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24
Q

How can a regular user elevate permissions for a particular command (if granted the ability in the /etc/sudoers file)?

A

sudo

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25
Q

What do we call the collection of data centers that provide compute, application, and storage services over the internet?

A

The cloud!

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26
Q

GPL is an example of what type of license?

A

Copyleft

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27
Q

How could you hide the file “file” from being shown in a directory listing?

A

Change it to .file

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28
Q

Which utilities can be used to print the contents of a file to the screen?

A

cat
less
more

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29
Q

What method/protocol do we use to securely connect to a remote Linux server?

A

SSH (Secure Shell)

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30
Q

An IP address can be assigned as static or ____.

A

DHCP

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31
Q

Would you use Samba or NFS to share files with Windows users?

A

Samba. (Samba is a file sharing service that uses CIFS for compatibility with Windows devices.)

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32
Q

What command could you use to create a new empty file named “file1” in your current working directory?

A

touch file1

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33
Q

What happens to a symbolic link if the target file is moved or deleted?

A

Nothing; the link persists but the old destination is no longer reachable.

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34
Q

What command(s) could you use to view all running processes?

A

ps aux
ps -eF
(lots of other options)

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35
Q

What command could you use to create a new directory called “Test” in the /tmp folder?

A

mkdir /tmp/Test

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36
Q

What commands could you use to resolve www.example.com to an IP address?

A

host www.example.com

dig www.example.com

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37
Q

What directory’s contents are cleared upon system boot?

A

/tmp

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38
Q

Shell scripts start with what sequence?

A

!

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39
Q

Name two popular open-source web servers.

A

Apache

NGINX

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40
Q

Is ../../tmp a relative or absolute path?

A

Relative

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41
Q

What is a PID?

A

A PID is a process ID and is an integer.

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42
Q

Which utility (by default) displays the last 10 lines of its input?

A

tail

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43
Q

When a symbolic link’s target is deleted, the link…

A

stays but no longer works.

44
Q

Does everyone have execute permission on a file if it is given 755 permissions?

A

Yes, 755 is rwxr-xr-x.

45
Q

What open-source application might you use for a presentation?

A

Impress (OpenOffice or LibreOffice)

46
Q

What can rpm-based systems use for package management?

A

yum

dnf

47
Q

What would you type to save and quit a file that is open in vim?

A

:wq

48
Q

Raspberry Pi is what type of Linux system?

A

Embedded

49
Q

What would the following command do to the file archive.tar in your current working directory?

tar xvf archive.tar

A

tar xvf will extract (verbosely) the file archive.tar

50
Q

What command could you use to view motherboard information?

A

dmidecode

51
Q

What utility can you preface a command with to execute with elevated privileges?

A

sudo

52
Q

What does FSF stand for?

A

Free Software Foundation

53
Q

How is Linux installed in a virtualized environment?

A

Typically through conventional means, from installation media onto the abstracted bare metal.

54
Q

For a user to be able to enter a directory, what level of access must they have?

A

Execute

55
Q

The Linux kernel, GNU core, X server, and GUI comprise a Linux ____________.

A

Distribution

The X server and GUI are optional.

56
Q

What command would you use to list all files in a directory and nothing else

A

ls -a

57
Q

What happens to files in /var/tmp upon system boot?

A

Nothing. The contents of /tmp are cleared upon system boot, but the contents of /var/tmp are not.

58
Q

What command could you use to unpack ./archive.tar?

A

tar xf ./archive.tar

59
Q

What environment variable is used for the shell prompt?

A

$PS1

60
Q

When an open-source license is written such that any derivative works must use the same license, we call this ________.

A

Copyleft

61
Q

In what folder will you find system logs?

A

/var/log

62
Q

What would you use GIMP for?

A

Drawing and image editing

63
Q

All shell scripts start with what two characters?

A

The shebang: #!

64
Q

Where did MariaDB come from, and what is it?

A

MariaDB was forked from MySQL as a database server application.

65
Q

What command could you use to remove all files starting with the text “file_” from the /tmp directory?

A

rm /tmp/file_*

66
Q

What is the difference between a system user and a regular user?

A

Apart from system users having a lower UID, system users normally don’t have a login shell.

67
Q

What command will create the user ‘tester’ and the home directory at the same time with defaults

A

useradd -m tester

68
Q

What do permissions of 644 mean?

A

User: Read and write
Group: Read
Everyone: Read

69
Q

What are OwnCloud and NextCloud?

A

OwnCloud and NextCloud are open-source cloud applications that function like DropBox.

70
Q

What command could you use to unpack the gzip-compressed archive ./archive.tgz?

A

tar xzf ./archive.tgz

71
Q

What is a popular open-source web browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation?

A

Firefox

72
Q

How might you prevent a browser from storing cookies and caching user data?

A

Use the browser’s private mode.

73
Q

What command could you use to view kernel messages?

A

dmesg

74
Q

What commands could you use to see the group membership of the user cloud_user?

A

groups cloud_user
id cloud_user
cat /etc/group | grep cloud_user

75
Q

Unity, GNOME, and KDE are all examples of what?

A

Linux desktop environments

76
Q

What is the passwd command used for?

A

passwd is used for changing passwords and locking accounts.

77
Q

What command would you use to print the current working directory to the screen?

A

pwd

78
Q

What option would you use with ls to show permissions and ownership?

A

-l

79
Q

When a symbolic link’s target is moved, the link…

A

stays but no longer works.

80
Q

What is the name of a popular open-source web browser?

A

Firefox

81
Q

Debian-based systems use what package file format and what management tools?

A

The package file format is dpkg.

The package management tool is apt.

82
Q

What command would you use to open the man page for ls?

A

man ls

83
Q

Root always has a UID of what?

A

0

84
Q

What will the following command do to the existing file “file1” in your current working directory?

echo “” > file1

A

It will replace it with an empty file. To append to a file, you would want to use&raquo_space;.

85
Q

What are some common open-source programming languages?

A 
C
Java
Javascript
Perl
Python
PHP
86
Q

In what root-level directory would you find folders for every running PID on the system?

A

/proc

87
Q

Open-source licensing and freedom (in terms of both use and cost) are permitting Linux to grow rapidly in the _____ and in ______________.

A

Cloud and virtualization

88
Q

What command(s) could you use to view your IP address?

A

ifconfig
ip addr show
nmcli (if running NetworkManager)

89
Q

Which utility (by default) displays the first 10 lines of its input?

A

head

90
Q

When one open-source project is copied to form a new parallel project, we call that _______.

A

Forking

91
Q

What regular expression symbol would you use to match zero or one character?

A

? will match zero or one of the preceding characters.

“Ap?le” would match “Ale” but not “Apple” (two p’s). “App?le” would match “Apple”.

92
Q

What does the following command do?

ip route show

A

‘ip route show’ displays the routing table.

93
Q

What is the PATH environment variable used for?

A

The PATH variable is the list of directories the shell will search for executables.

94
Q

What option would you use with the passwd command to lock an account?

A

-l

95
Q

What is the philosophical difference between OSI and FSF?

A

The FSF focuses on the ethics and rights restrictions of the software license over the practical benefits of the software itself.

96
Q

What Linux distribution serves as the foundation for Ubuntu?

A

Debian

97
Q

Which came first, OpenOffice or LibreOffice?

A

LibreOffice is a fork of OpenOffice; OpenOffice came first.

98
Q

What command would you use to delete the user ‘tester’?

A

userdel tester

99
Q

What command(s) could you use to create a new and empty file named “newfile” in the current working directory?

A

touch newfile

echo “” > newfile

100
Q

What is the UID of the root user?

A

0

101
Q

What file could you edit to map IP addresses to host names?

A

/etc/hosts

102
Q

What command could you use to view information about the system’s processor?

A

cat /proc/cpuinfo

103
Q

What is the default interpreter used on most Linux systems?

A

Bash (Bourne-Again Shell

104
Q

Are user passwords stored in /etc/passwd?

A

No. The hashes are stored in /etc/shadow.

105
Q

What is the purpose of a free-software license?

A

To establish the terms of modification and redistribution.

106
Q

What is the exit code of a command that ran successfully?

A

0

LPI Linux Essentials (1 decks)

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