CERT Skills Flashcards
P.A.S.S
Pull, aim, squeeze, sweep
What are the three “killers”
closed airways, uncontrolled bleeding, shock
What are 3 things you need to check when performing triage?
steady breathing, circulation (capillary refill test), and mental status of the victim
What is a closed fracture?
No puncture in the skin caused by a broken bone
What is an open fracture?
Broken bone puncturing through the skin
What is a displaced fracture?
Bone breaking into 2 or more pieces that is not connected anymore
What is a nondisplaced fracture?
A broken bone with just a snap that could be hard to see and has no movement of a bone
What body temp does a patient have to have to consider hypothermia as a diagnosis?
95 degrees or lower
What are three factors that are needed for a fire to start?
Some sort of fuel, oxygen, heat
What is the most important factor to look at when choosing a fire extinguisher?
the fuel used to start the fire(classification)
Class A fire caused by?
Ordinary combustibles
Class B fire caused by?
Flammable liquids
Class C fire caused by?
Electrical items
Class D fire caused by?
combustible metals
Class K fire caused by?
things found in the kitchen(cooking oils, fats)
Foam fire etx?
Class A, B, D
Dry powder fire ext?
Class A, B, C, and D
Water fire ext
Class A
Carbon dioxide fire ext
Class B, D, and K
CERT Members # 1 priority?
personal safety, then to do the most good for as many people as possible
What is the biggest threat that can cause an obstructed airway?
tongue
Arterial Bleeding?
spurting red blood after every heartbeat
Venous Bleeding?
When a victim has a steady blood flow of darker blood
Capillary Bleeding?
Bleeding very slowly
How do you stop bleeding?
Direct pressure, elevation, pressure points, apply pressure (tie a bandage in a bow close off a large artery)
Where are the most common pressure points found?
Hip seam, groin, bicep, and forearm
Brachial pressure point?
Above the elbow
Popliteal pressure point?
Behind the knee
Femoral pressure point
In the upper thigh
What are symptoms of shock?
Rapid, shallow breathing, capillary refill greater than 2 seconds, failure to respond to a simple command (“squeeze my hand”)
What is triage?
Separating victims into 4 groups of severity after a disaster
What are the 4 groups of triage and their colors?
Red-immediate, yellow-delayed, green- minor, black-death
What are biological terrorist attacks?
The exposure of a large population to a germ (ebola)
What is a chemical terrorist attack?
toxic gas, toxic solids, and liquids
What is a radiological terrorist attack?
Bombs but not nuclear bombs
What is a nuclear terrorist attack?
Nuclear bombs, intense light, intense heat, and intense pressure
What are the three keys of protection from terrorist attacks
distance, time, and shielding/protection
What does PPE stand for?
Personal Protective Equipment
In what order does dONning take place?
Hand hygiene, gown, respiratory equipment, eye protection, and gloves
In what order does dOFFing take place?
Gloves, eye protection, gown, respiratory protection, and hand hygiene
Types of disasters?
Natural-wildfires, hurricanes, earthquakes, etc
Technological- hazardous material spill, nuclear power plant accident
Intentional- terrorism using chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or explosive weapons
What is Mitigation?
reduction of loss of life/property by lessening the impact of disaster
Non-structural hazards to fortify against
home fires, landslides, mudslides, wildfires
CERT members protected by…
- Good Samaritan Law
- Volunteer Protection Act of 1977
- Relevant State Statue
CERT roles in fire safety
- ext small fires
- prevent additional fires by removing fuel sources
- shutting off utilities
- assist with evacuations when necessary
What is Asphyxiant?
robs body of oxygen- administer EpiPen to restore breathing
What is L.I.E.S?
limit, isolate, eliminate, separate
Higher # on label of fire ext
greater amount of ext agent
All hazardous material placards…
are a stop sign for CERTS
What is S.T.A.R.T?
simple, triage, and, rapid, treatment
First priority of medical operations
Open airway, control excessive bleeding
Person is conscious..
open airway
Person is unconscious…
use head-tilt, chin-lift method
What is shock
result of ineffective circulation of blood. Remaining in shock leads to death of cells, tissues, and organs.
If hazard or terrorist event is suspected
CERT members don’t respond
Triage evaluation…
check airway
check circulation and bleeding
check mental status
DCAP-BTLS
deformities, contusions, abrasions, punctures, burns, tenderness, lacerations, and swelling
Order of assessment
Head, neck, shoulders, chest, arms, abdomen, pelvis, legs
What is RPM?
Respirations, perfusion, and mental status
1st degree burn
superficial- epidermis
2nd degree burn
partial thickness- dermis and epidermis
3rd degree burn
full thickness-subcutaneous layer, above layers
When treating a burn survivor…
Cool skin, cover burn loosely to keep air out, reduce pain, prevent infection
When treating a burn survivor DO NOT:
Use ice, apply ointments or other remedies or remove tissue, break blisters
Inhalation burn signs/symptoms
loss of consciousness, evidence of upper airway obstruction soot around mouth/nose, singed facial hair, burns around face/neck
How to do wound care
control bleeding, clean wound with room temperature water, apply dressing.bandages
If active bleeding:
redress over existing dressing
No active bleeding:
remove bandage, check for infection 4-6 hours
Signs of infection:
swelling, discoloration, discharge from wound, red striations
If amputated body part found:
save tissue parts, wrap in plastic bag, keep tissue cool but not in ice, remain near survivor
Dislocation:
injury to ligaments around joints
Signs of sprain:
tenderness at site, swelling/bruising, restricted use, loss of use
Trauma causes for nasal injuries:
blunt force to the nose, skull fracture
Control nasal injuries by:
pinching nostrils, put pressure on upper lip, have survivor sit with head forward and breathe through nose
cautions of nasal injuries:
large blood loss from nose bleed can lead to shock, blood loss may not be evident because survivors swallow it
Hypothermia:
body temp drops below normal
frost bite:
cold shuts down blood flow causing tissue death
heat cramps:
muscle spasm brought by over-exertion in heat
heat exhaustion:
exercising/working in heat results in loss of body fluids
heat stroke:
body temp; control system shuts down, rises so high that brain damage and death may result
Triage in french
to sort
What does C.E.R.T stand for?
community, emergency, response, team
All “immediates” get:
airway management, bleeding control, and treatment for shock before you or your buddy move to the next victim
If victim fails these tests (breathing problems, severe bleeding, and shock) tag as:
I - immediate
If victim passes those tests tag as:
D- delayed
Everyone gets a…
tag
record the number of..
victims including how many “I”, “D”, and “Dead” and their locations
