Cerruti chapters 5-6

Question 1

group 1 name

Answer 1

alkali metals

Question 2

group 1 elements

Answer 2

reactive metal elements

Question 3

group 2 name

Answer 3

alkaline earth metal

Question 4

group 2 elements

Answer 4

slightly less reactive then group 1

Question 5

group 3-12 name

Answer 5

transition metals

Question 6

group 15

Answer 6

pnictogens

Question 7

group 16

Answer 7

chalcogens

Question 8

group 17

Answer 8

halogens

Question 9

group 18

Answer 9

noble gas

Question 10

across a period

Answer 10

atoms get smaller

Question 11

down a group

Answer 11

atoms get bigger

Question 12

more protons in the nucleus

Answer 12

means more pull on the electrons towards the nucleus, making the atoms smaller

Question 13

ionization energy

Answer 13

energy needed to pull 1e- away from an atom

Question 14

across the period

Answer 14

the general trend is that the first ionization energy increases, harder to remove electrons

Question 15

why are the general trend is that the first ionization energy increases, harder to remove electrons

Answer 15

more protons in the nucleus, means that the outer electrons are held more tightly making them harder to remove

Question 16

4 features down a group

Answer 16

ionization energy decreases

Question 17

4 features down a group

Answer 17

atoms get bigger so the valence e- are farther from the nucleus, easier to remove

Question 18

unusual dips

Answer 18

p sub level further from the nucleus than s is, so its easier to remove an electron

Question 19

flat area

Answer 19

shielding affect, across the d-block

Question 20

why flat area

Answer 20

for each proton added to the nucleus across the d-block, an extra electron is added between the nucleus and the valence electron

Question 21

electron affinity

Answer 21

measures the attraction of an element for a passing electron

Question 22

electron negativity

Answer 22

measures the attraction of an element for a pair of elections in a bond

Question 23

multiple ionization energy

Answer 23

valence electrons are easy to remove, core electrons are tough, big jump in energy

Question 24

negative ions

Answer 24

are always bigger

Question 25

cations

Answer 25

positive ions

Question 26

chemical bond

Answer 26

covalent bond, ionic bond, metallic bond

Question 27

covalent bond

Answer 27

pair of electrons get shared between elments, non metal- non metal

Question 28

ionic bond

Answer 28

metal bonded to non metal. elements transfer electrons from one to the other

Question 29

metallic bond

Answer 29

valence electrons are shared between all atoms in the substance, only metals

Question 30

0.3 or less

Answer 30

perfectly covalent

Question 31

0.31-1.60

Answer 31

polar covalent

Question 32

1.7- or greater

Answer 32

ionic

Question 33

molecule

Answer 33

smallest unit of a covalent substance

Question 34

single bond

Answer 34

1 shared pair

Question 35

double bond

Answer 35

2 shared pairs

Question 36

tripple bond

Answer 36

3 shared pairs

Question 37

bond length

Answer 37

length of a bond

Question 38

bond enthapy

Answer 38

energy released when a bond forms

Question 39

bond angle

Answer 39

angle between 2 bonds

Question 40

molecule shape

Answer 40

molecules take a shape based on the number of electrons pairs around the central atom

Question 41

gigantic crystals

Answer 41

high melting point, would be found as a solid

Question 42

crystals shatter

Answer 42

they are brittle, they can not conduct electricity

Question 43

metals

Answer 43

will conduct electricity

Question 44

free elcetrons

Answer 44

will conduct electricity

Question 45

metals ha

Answer 45

hard to melt because of many bonds, high melting point

Question 46

yductile

Answer 46

stretchable