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Neuroanatomy > Cerebrum Exam > Flashcards

Cerebrum Exam Flashcards

1
Q

The membrane that surrounds the brain and provides protection

A

The meninges

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2
Q

Layers of the meninges from superficial to deep

A

Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Pia Mater

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3
Q

Potential spaces in meninges

A

epidural mater (between skull and dura mater), subdural space (between dura mater and arachnoid)

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4
Q

Actual space in meninges

A

Subarachnoid space (between arachnoid mater and pia mater)

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5
Q

Blood enters the brain through

A

Carotid arteries, vertebral arteries
arteries= to the brain

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6
Q

Structure that feeds the brain oxygenated blood

A

Circle of Willis

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7
Q

Arteries that make up Circle of Willis

A

Anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, posterior cerebral artery

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8
Q

Moves deoxygenated blood away from the brain- waste removal

A

veins

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9
Q

Fuction of each cerebral hemisphere

A

left: reading, writing, speech, auditory comprehension, reasoning

right: prosody, facial expression and recognition, body language, attention. Stuttering may be caused by overactive right hemisphere

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10
Q

Bumps of the cerebrum are called

A

gyri

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11
Q

Grooves of the cerebrum are called

A

sulci

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12
Q

Deep grooves of the cerebrum are called

A

fissures

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13
Q

What divides the two hemispheres of the brain into left and right

A

Longitudinal fissure

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14
Q

What divides the frontal and parietal lobes

A

central sulcus

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15
Q

What divides the temporal from the frontal and parietal lobes

A

lateral sulcus

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16
Q

what are the four lobes of the brain

A

frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital

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17
Q

Function of frontal lobe

A

reasoning, planning, motor movement

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18
Q

Function of the parietal lobe

A

sensory perception and interpretation

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19
Q

Function of the occipital lobe

A

vision

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20
Q

Function of the temporal lobe

A

memory, receptive language, hearing

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21
Q

Band of fibers that connects the left and right hemispheres

A

Corpus Callosum

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22
Q

Superior longitudinal fasciculus

A

connects the lobes

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23
Q

Arcuate fasciculus

A

connects Broca’s area to Wernicke’s area

24
Q

Types of CVA (Cerebral Vascular Accident)

A

Ischemic, hemorrhagic

25
Ischemic CVA
stroke due to a blockage of bloodflow Thrombotic: clot in artery that supplies to the brain Embolic: forms somewhere else but travels to brain Transient: brief blockage (mini stroke) called a transient ischemic attach (TIA)
26
Hemorrhagic CVA
artery in the brain bursts or leaks blood Intra-axial: inside the brain extra-axial: outside the brain
27
TBI
Can present with many physical and cognitive-communicative symptoms (dysarthria, aphasia, apraxia of speech, hearing loss, dysphagia, memory, problem solving, reasoning)
28
Neuroplasticity
the adaptive capacity of the central nervous system- learn new behaviors and relearns lost behavior
29
What is the Brodmann Map?
An organized system developed by Korbinian Brodmann that divides the brain into 52 areas
30
Prefrontal Cortex
Most anterior section of frontal lobe. Involved with cognition (executive control), personality, decision making, social behavior, inhibition
31
Phineas Gage
had a lead pipe enter through his prefrontal cortex. Damage was a personality change and planning issues.
32
Prefrontal Cortex damage
can present in many ways (depressive or manic) which impacts quality of life
33
T/F some eye movement is from the frontal cortex
true- it is not all occipital
34
Broca's Area is occupies what Brodmann area?
44 &45
35
Broca's area is located in what lobe?
frontal
36
Broca's area is responsible for
planning/programming verbal responses. Expressive speech and motor aspects.
37
Broca's aphasia
know what to say but cannot say it, fluency issue, syntax
38
Premotor Cortex
BA:6. selecting and planning of motor movements. Supplementary motor area assists with motor strip
39
Oral/ buccofacial apraxia
loss of ability to voluntarily move the oral structures in nonspeech movements. cant with command but natural can.
40
Apraxia of Speech
loss of ability to voluntarily execute the movements of speech (not able to plan). common to cooccur with Broca's aphasia
41
Primary Motor Cortex
BA:4 sends motor plans from premotor to the muscles for them to act. mapped as homunculus "little man"
42
Homunculus moves from _______ motor movements most superior to ______ motor movements
gross, fine
43
Primary sensory cortex
BA: 1,2,3 parietal processes vibration, proprioception, touch, sterognosis
44
Proprioception means
the body's awareness in space
45
Stereognosis
knowing what something is based on feeling
46
Somatosensory Association Cortex
BA: 5.7 parietal buddy system with the sensory strip Interprets sensory experience during motor movements (refine motor action, fine movements)
47
Angular Gyrus
Parietal Lobe Math reading, metaphors
48
Supramarginal Gyrus
parietal. phonological, helps sound out words.
49
Interior Temporal Area
temporal lobe processing of auditory and laguage information, reading facial expressions. Hallucinations
50
Parahippocampal Gyrus
deep internal structure of temporal lobe hippocampus: memory
51
Temporal Pole
temporal lobe Left: semantics, speech, and narrative comprehension right: emotions into narratives, identifying voices both: empathy, theory of mind
52
Primary Auditory Cortex/ Heschl's Gyrus
Temporal processes speech and language based of different tones and pitches
53
Where is Wenicke's area:
temporal lobe
54
What Brodmann number isWernicke's
BA 22
55
Function of Wernicke's area:
attaching meaning to auditory information
56
Wernicke's aphasia
verbal jargon and lack of understanding others' speech

Neuroanatomy (2 decks)

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