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Neuroanatomy > Cerebrum and Diencephalon > Flashcards

Cerebrum and Diencephalon Flashcards

1
Q

Afferent Thalamic Source ?

A

A = Amygdala, orbitofrontal, temporal cortex

B = Globus Pallidus, Substantia Nigra, Area 6 dan 8

C =

D = Parietal Lobe

E = Globus Pallidus

F = Spinothaamic Tract and MEdial Lemniscus

G = Trigeminothalamic Tract

H = Area 6

K = Reticular Formation

M = Superior Colliculus

N = Inferior Colliculus

O = Optic Tract

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2
Q

Efferent Thalamic Projection ?

A

A = Prefrontal Cortex

B = Frontal Cortex and Intralaminar Nuclei

C = Cingulate

D = Area 5 and 7

E = Premotor Motor Supplementary Cortex

F = Primary Sensory Cortex

G= Primary Sensory Cortex

K = Diffuse Cortical Area

M = Parietal, Temporal, and Occipital Association Cortex

N = Area 41, 42 Broadmann

O = Area 17 Broadmann

P = Cingulate gyrus

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3
Q

What neurotransmitters are secreted from the Pineal Gland ?

A

Melatonin

Serotonin

Norepinephrin

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4
Q

White Matter Bundles

A

A = Superio Ociipitofrontal Colliculus

B = Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus

C = Inferior OCcipitofrontal Colliculus

D = Uncinate Fasciculus

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5
Q

What are the areas that devoid BBB ?

A

A = Subfornical

B = Organum Vasculosusm Lamina Terminalis

C = Median Eminence

D = Pineal Gland

E = Neurohypophysis

F = Area Postrema

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6
Q

Cortical Association Bundle

A

E = Cingulum

F = Superior Occipitofrontal Fasciculus

G = Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus

H = Inferior Occipitofrontal Fasciculus

I = Uncinate Fasciculus

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7
Q

What is the major outflow tract of Basal Ganglia ?

A

Lenticular Fasciculus ( Forel’s Field H2)

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8
Q
A

A = Head of Caudate Nucleus

B = Column of Fornix

C = Stria Terminalis

D = Body of Fornix

E = Pes Hippocampus

F = Thalamus

G = Crura of Fornix

H = Parahippocampal Gyrus

I = Dentate Gyrus

J = Fimbria of Hippocampus

K = Hippocampus

L = Commisure of Fornix

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9
Q
A

A = Optic Tract

B = Fornix

C = Fimbria

D = Dentate Gyrus

E = Subiculum

F = Entorhinal Cortex

G = Temporal Horn of the Lateral Ventricle

H = CA region of hippocampal Formation

I = CA 3

J = CA 1

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10
Q
A

A = Fimbria

B = CA 3

C = Mossy Fiber

D = Dentate Gyrus

E = Subiculum

F = Perforant Pathway

G = Entorhinal Cortex

H = Alveus

I = Temporal Horn of LAteral Ventricle

J = Schaeffer Collaterals

K = CA 1

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11
Q
A

A = Postcommicural Fonix

B = Precommisural Fornix

C = Septal Nuclei

D = Nucleus Accumbens

E = AMygdala

F = Dentate Gyrus

G = CA regions of hippocampus

H = SUbiculum

I = Perforant Pathway

J = Entorhinal Cortex

K = Cingulate Gyrus

L = Fornix

M = Mammilotegmental Tract

N = Fimbria

O = Thalamus

P = Mammilothalamic Tract

Q = Mammilary Body

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12
Q
A

A = Lamina Terminalis

B = Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus

C = Supraoptic Hypothalamic Nucleus

D = Supraoptichypophyseal Tract

E = Tuberohypophyseal Tract

F = Hypothalamohypophyseal Tract

G = Infundibulum ( Pituitary Stalk )

H = Adenohypophysis

I = Hypothalamic Sulcus

J = Mammilary body

K = Arcuate Nucleus ( Infundibular Nucleus)

L = Neurohypophysis

M = Median Eminence

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13
Q
A

A = Habenula

B = Stria Medullaris Thalami

C = Cingulate Gyrus

D = Corpus Callosum

E = Fornix

F = Hypothalamic Nuclei

G = Olfactory Bulb

H = Ventral Amygdalofugal Pathway

I = Amygdala

J = Interpeduncular nucleus

K = Mammilotegmental Tract

L = Dorsal Longitudinal Fasciculus

M = Median Forebrain Bundle ( Descending )

N = Striae Terminalis

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14
Q
A

A = Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis

B = Cingulate cortex

C = Thalamus

D = Stria terminalis

E = Brain stem inputs

F = Septal nuclei

G = Prefrontal cortex

H = Hypothalamus

I = Olfactory bulb

J = Hypothalamic inputs

K = Corticomedial nuclei of the amygdala

L = Basolateral nuclei of the amygdala

M = Sensory association inputs

N = Subiculum

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15
Q
A

A. Striatum (rostral areas)

B. Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis

C. Stria terminalis

D. Amygdaloid projections to brain stem

E. Frontal lobe regions

F. Septal nuclei

G. Nucleus accumbens

H. Ventral amygdalofugal pathway (VAFP)

I. Corticomedial nuclei of the amygdala

J. Basolateral nuclei of the amygdala

K. Central nucleus of the amygdala

L. Entorhinal cortex

M. Subiculum

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16
Q
A

A. Septal nuclei

B. Precommissural fornix

C. Corpus callosum

D. Cingulate gyrus

E. Anterior commisure

F. Anterior nucleus of thalamus

G. Fornix

H. Stria terminalis

I. Stria medullaris

J. Habenula

K. Fasciculus retroflexus

L. Interpeduncular nucleus

M. Amygdaloid body (nuclei)

17
Q
A

A. Hypothalamus

B. Lamina terminalis

C. Olfactory bulb

D. Olfactory tract

E. Anterior perforated substance

F. Optic chiasm

G. Postcommissural fornix

H. Mammilary body and mammillothalamic tract

I. Median forebrain bundle

J. Parahyppocampal gyrus

K. Hippocampus

L. Fimbria of hippocampus

M. Dentate gyrus

18
Q
A

A. Precommissural fornix

B. Stria terminalis

C. Fornix

D. Septal nuclei

E. Ventral amygdalofugal pathway

F. Amygdala

G. Hypothalamus

H. Ventral tegmental area

I. Hippocampus

19
Q
A

A. Stria medullaris thalami

B. Habenular nuclei

C. Fornix

D. Septal nuclei

E. Hypothalamus

F. Median forebrain bundle

G. Ventral tegmental area

H. Hippocampus

I. Dentate gyrus

J. Thalamus (medial dorsal)

20
Q

What is Papez Circuit ?

A

Hippocampus - Fornix - Mammilary Body - Mammilothalamic tract - Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus - Cingulate gyrus - Cingulate Bundle - Hippocampus

21
Q
  1. How many branches of ECA ?
  2. What are the branches of ECA ?
A
  1. 8 branches
  2. SALFOPSMax ( Superior Thyroid ; Ascending Pharyngeal ; Lingual ; Fasialis ; Occipital ; Posterior Auricular ; Superficial Temporal ; Maxilary )
22
Q
  1. What is (are) the origin of Common Carotid Artery ?
  2. At what level CCA bifurcate ?
  3. Where is the location of ICA according to the ECA location ?
A
  1. Right CCA = Brachiocephalica TrunkLeft CCA = Arcus Aorta
  2. C4 - C5
  3. Posterolateral
23
Q
  1. What are the segments of ICA ?
  2. What are the branches of ICA ?
A
  1. C1 (Cervical) = From Bifurcatio - Petrous CanalC2 (Petrous) = Petrous Canal - IntracranialC3 (Cavernous) = Cavernous Sinus - ClinoidC4 (Supraclinoid) = Clinoid - Bifurcatio
  2. C1 = No branchesC2 = Caroticotymphanic Artery
          Vidian Artery

      Periosteal Arterial (anomalous artery ):

        - Persistent Stapedial Artery
        - Persistent Otic Artery
    C3 = Meningohypophyseal Trunk
                - Tentorial artery of Bernasconi-Cassinari
            - Inferior Hypophyseal
            - Dorsal Meningeal

        Inferolateral Trunk ( Inferior Sinus Cav. a )

        Medial Trunk ( Capsular artery of McConnell)

             - Anterior Capsular 
             - Inferior Capsular

         (Anomalous Artery) :

             - Persistent Trigeminal Artery
             - Intracavernous Anastomoses
    C4 = Ophtalmic ; Superior Hypohysis ; Posterior Communicating ; Anterior Choroidal
24
Q

What are the areas supplied by A ChoA ?

A

COBITAHU

Choroid Plexus

Optic Tract

Basal Ganglia

Internal Capsule

Thalamus

Amygdala

Hippocampus

Uncus

25
Q

Extracranial and Intracranial Anastomoses ?

A
  1. Ascending Pharyngeal = Caroticotymphanic
  2. Ascending Pharyngeal = VA
  3. Fascial = Orbital Branch of Ophtalmic
  4. Occipital = VA
  5. Posterior Auricular = Stylomastoid of ICA
  6. MMA = ICA, via :
    a. MMA = Ethmoidal Branch
    b. Accessory Meningeal = Inferolateral Trunk
    c. Vidian = Petrous ICA
    d. Pharyngeal = Cavernous ICA
    e. Infraorbital = branches of Ophtalmic
26
Q
  1. Parasymphatic
  2. Symphatic
  3. Decreases Body Temperature
  4. Increases Body Temperature
  5. Satiety Centre
  6. Feeding Centre
  7. Arousal Centre
A
  1. Anterior and Medial
  2. Posterior and Lateral
  3. Anterior
  4. Posterior
  5. Medial
  6. Lateral
  7. Posterior
27
Q

What is the meaning of medial forebrain bundle ?

A

Basal olfactory, septal nuclei, periamygdala, subiculum – lateral preoptic and lateral hypothalamic area – hippocampus

28
Q
  1. Medial hypothalamic area is divided to what regions ?
  2. Define what nuclei that lies on each region ?
A
  1. Supraoptic (anterior) ; Tuberal (middle) ; Mammilare (posterior)
  2. Nuclei of Medial Hypothalamus :

Supraoptic

  • Paraventricular
  • Supraoptic
  • Anterior Hypothalamic
  • SuprachiasmaTuberal
  • Medial Tuberal
  • Lateral TuberalMammilary
  • Mammilary body
  • Posterior Hypothalamus
29
Q

What Nuclei that produces vasopressin and oxytocin ?

A

Supraoptic and Paraventricular

Neuroanatomy (3 decks)

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