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Body Systems > Cerebrum > Flashcards

Cerebrum Flashcards

1
Q

Astereognosis

A

Difficulty with identifying familiar objects using only tactile sensation.

Sensory Association Area.

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2
Q

Expressive Aphasia

A

Difficulty planning movements to make words. Difficulty with fluency of speech.

Broca’s Area (Left hemisphere)

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3
Q

Visual Agnosia

A

Difficulty with recognising an object despite being able to discriminate characteristics.

Visual Association Area

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4
Q

Poor Right Hand Control

A

Difficulty using right hand for fine motor tasks, poor dexterity.

Primary Motor Cortex
Primary Sensory Cortex
Visual Association Area and Cortex

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5
Q

Left Leg Weakness

A

Difficulty activating muscles in leg.

Primary Motor Cortex.

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6
Q

Always bumping into things with the left side of the body.

A

Inattention - not being aware of left side of the body or lack of sensation to the left side of the body.

Right hemisphere parietotemporal area.
Right sensory cortex.

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7
Q

Trunk Instability.

A

Loss of balance when about to undertake a movement in response to something.

Pre-motor Area (linked to cerebellum).

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8
Q

Inability to reproduce a common hand gesture.

Apraxia

A

Difficulty producing a known movement despite having intact muscle strength and sensation.

Internally generated: Supplementary Motor Area.

Externally generated: Pre- motor area.

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9
Q

Slurred Speech - Dysarthria

A

Inability to fully use muscles for speech (weak muscles).

Primary Motor Cortex

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10
Q

Inappropriate Social Behaviour

A

Socially inappropriate, risky behaviour, extreme moods.

Limbic System.

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11
Q

Decision- making and goal setting affected.

A

Pre- frontal area.

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12
Q

Loss of Left Visual Field

A

No visual input of everything in left half of what you can see in regards to your body and environment. This loss come from both of your left eyes.

Primary Visual Cortex on right hemisphere.

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13
Q

Receptive Aphasia

A

Difficulty understanding mostly spoken words.

Wernicke’s in left hemisphere.

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14
Q

Difficulty initiating movement (internally generated).

A

Difficulty initiating a known movement plan when it is internally generated.

Supplementary Motor Area (linked with Basal Ganglion).

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15
Q

Ataxia of the right limb

A

Uncoordinated movement of the right limb, despite having strength.

Cerebellum.

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16
Q

Loss of proprioception of the left foot

A

Difficulty with discriminative information about where the foot is in space.

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

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17
Q

What are the lobes of the cerebrum?

A

Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Temporal Lobe

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18
Q

Primary Visual Cortex

A

Intensity of light, shape, size, location of objects, objects within visual field.

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19
Q

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

A

Conscious discrimination of shape, texture, size of objects.

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20
Q

Primary Vestibular Cortex

A

Head position and movements in relation to gravity.

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21
Q

Primary Auditory Cortex

A

Discrimination of location of sounds.

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22
Q

Damage to Primary Visual Cortex

A

Loss of Visual Field - Heminanopia.

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23
Q

The common carotid arteries divide in the neck…

A

External and internal carotid arteries.

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24
Q

2 blood supply to the brain…

A

Internal Carotid Arteries and Vertebral Arteries.

25
Q

The Internal Carotid Artery branches into…

A

Anterior Cerebral Artery and Middle Cerebral Artery

26
Q

3 arteries of the brain…

A

Anterior Cerebral Artery
Posterior Cerebral Artery
Middle Cerebral Artery

27
Q

Anterior Cerebral Artery supplies…

A

Medial frontal lobe and parietal lobe.

28
Q

Damage to Anterior Cerebral Artery…

A

affected: logical thought, personality and voluntary movement, especially to the legs.

29
Q

Middle Cerebral Artery supplies…

A

Portion of frontal lobe and the lateral surfaces of the temporal and parietal lobes.

30
Q

Lesions to the Middle Cerebral Artery…

A

Primary Motor Area and Primary Somatosensory Area of the through, face, hand and arm, and some areas of speech.

31
Q

Posterior Cerebral Artery supplies…

A

The medial and inferior surfaces of the temporal and occipital lobes.

32
Q

Posterior Cerebral Artery lesion…

A

Colour- blindness, visual field issues.

33
Q

Function of the Sensory Association Areas

A

Interprets and integrates sensory information to recognise familiar things.

34
Q

Visual association area function

A

Integration of shape, and colour. Can describe the object they can see.

35
Q

Function of Somatosensory Association Area…

A

Stereognosis and memory of tactile and spatial environment.

36
Q

Function of Auditory Association Area…

A

Classification of sounds. Identifying if its traffic, voice, instruments.

37
Q

Stereognosis defined

A

The ability to use touch, manipulation and proprioceptive information to recognise an object.

38
Q

Damage to Sensory Association Areas called…

A

Agnosia

39
Q

Define Agnosia

A

Unable to recognise familiar objects even though discriminative ability is still intact.

40
Q

Limbic area function…

A

Emotional and memory processing.

Linked to pre-frontal lobe.

41
Q

Prefrontal Area function…

A

Executive functions and goal orientated behaviour.

Linked with limbic system.

42
Q

Parietotemporal Association Area contains….

A 
Communication (left hemisphere)
Spatial Relations (Right hemisphere)
43
Q

Left hemisphere is …

A

Dominant. Communication.

44
Q

Right hemisphere is …

A

Non- dominant.

Spatial relations of body and the outside enviroment.

45
Q

Communication left hemisphere Wernicke’s area

A

Interpretation of language sounds into understood words.

46
Q

Wernicke’s area damage…

A

Aphasia= Difficulties with language. Communicating problems.

47
Q

Types of Aphasia…

A

Receptive

Expressive

48
Q

Spatial Relations (right hemisphere) lesions

A

Difficulties with spatial awareness and memory.

Inattention.

49
Q

Define inattention…

A

Inability to attend or respond to meaningful stimuli on the affected side of the day or pace on that side.

50
Q

Pre- Motor Area (linked with cerebellum) function…

A

Contains plans from learned motor skills. Used when movement is triggered externally.

51
Q

Supplementary Motor Area (link with basal ganglia) function…

A

Initiation of remembered or self- directed movement.

52
Q

Broca’s Area

A

Left hemisphere.

Motor planning of speech.

53
Q

Broca’s area function

A

Planning the words and muscles to produce speech.

54
Q

Apraxia define

A

Inability to perform movement despite intact sensations, automatic motor output and understanding of the task.

55
Q

Pre- Motor Area Lesion…

A

Difficulty of well- learned movements, especially for balance.

56
Q

Supplementary Motor Area Lesion…

A

Difficulty with initiating movement, especially those self- generated.

57
Q

Broca’s Area left hemisphere lesion…

A

Problem with fluency of language… expressive Aphaisa.

58
Q

Function of Primary Motor Cortex…

A

Voluntary controlled movements;
Origin of:
Corticospinal tract (cortex to spinal cord).
Corticobulbar tract (cortex to brainstem)

59
Q

Lesion to Primary Motor Cortex…

A

Weakness of limbs.

Loss of fine motor control = poor fractionation.

Weakness and poor control of muscles of mouth/ tongue (slurred speech) = Dysarthria.

Weakness and poor control of muscles of tongue/ throat = Dysphagia.

Body Systems (2 decks)

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