Cerebrum

Question 1

what is the cerebrum
where is it located
what is the emryological orgin

Answer 1

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain
located superiorly and anteriorly in relation to the brainstem.
derived from the telencephalon.

Question 2

what separates the two cerebral hemispheres that make up the cerebrum

Answer 2

separated by the falx cerebri of the dura mater.

Question 3

desribe the postion and structure of teh cerebrum

Answer 3

Located within the bony cranium.
It extends from the frontal bone anteriorly to the occipital bone posteriorly.
Within the skull, the cerebrum fills the anterior and middle cranial fossae,
and is located above the tentorium cerebelli inferoposteriorly.

Question 4

describe the internal structure of the cerebum

differences between grey and white matter

Answer 4

grey matter and white matter:

Grey matter forms the cerebral cortex which is associated with processing and cognition.
White matter forms the bulk of the deeper parts of the brain. It consists of glial cells and myelinated axons that connect the various grey matter areas.

Question 5

desribe the external structure of the cerebrum

Answer 5

The cerebrum is comprised of two different types of tissue – grey matter and white matter:

Grey matter forms the surface of each cerebral hemisphere (known as the cerebral cortex), and is associated with processing and cognition.
White matter forms the bulk of the deeper parts of the brain. It consists of glial cells and myelinated axons that connect the various grey matter areas.

Question 6

what are the 4 lobes of teh cerebrum

Answer 6

frontal occuipital

parietal and tempoal

Question 7

parietal lobe

Answer 7

The parietal lobe is found below the parietal bone of the calvaria, between the frontal lobe anteriorly and the occipital lobe posteriorly, from which it is separated by the central sulcus and parieto-occipital sulcus, respectively. It sits superiorly in relation to the temporal lobe, being separated by the lateral sulcus.

Its cortical association areas contribute to the control of: language and calculation on the dominant hemisphere side, and visuospatial functions (e.g. 2-point discrimination) on the non-dominant hemisphere side.

Question 8

frontal lobe

Answer 8

The frontal lobe is located beneath the frontal bone of the calvaria and is the most anterior region of the cerebrum. It is separated from the parietal lobe posteriorly by the central sulcus and from the temporal lobe inferoposteriorly by the lateral sulcus.

The association areas of the frontal lobe are responsible for: higher intellect, personality, mood, social conduct and language (dominant hemisphere side only).

Question 9

occipital lobe

Answer 9

The occipital lobe is the most posterior part of the cerebrum situated below the occipital bone of the calvaria. It rests inferiorly upon the tentorium cerebelli which segregates the cerebrum from the cerebellum. The parieto-occipital sulcus separates the occipital lobe from the parietal and temporal lobes anteriorly.

The primary visual cortex (V1) is located within the occipital lobe and hence its cortical association area is responsible for vision.

Question 10

temporal lobe

Answer 10

The temporal lobe sits beneath the temporal bone of the calvaria, inferior to the frontal and parietal lobes, from which it is separated by the lateral sulcus.

The cortical association areas of the temporal lobe are accountable for memory and language – this includes hearing as it is the location of the primary auditory cortex.

Question 11

what would a stroke to each region cause

Answer 11

Frontal lobe – a diverse range of presentations, often personality and behavioural changes occur and an inability to solve problems develops.
Parietal lobe – typically presents with attention deficits e.g. contralateral hemispatial neglect syndrome: where the patient does not pay attention to the side of the body opposite to the lesion.
Temporal lobe – presents with recognition deficits (agnosias) e.g. auditory agnosia: patient cannot recognise basic sounds, prosopagnosia: failure to recognise faces.
Occipital lobe – visual field defects: contralateral hemianopia or quadrantanopia with macular sparing.
Global lesions – severe cognitive deficits (dementia), patients cannot answer simple questions such as their name, today’s date, where they are etc.