Cerebral Palsy

Question 1

Definition of cerebral palsy

Answer 1

Disorders of the development of movement and posture arising from a *non progressive* injury to the *developing brain*, with common additional impairments including
 ⛔️spasticity, 
⛔️muscle weakness, 
⛔️reduced coordination 
⛔️ cognitive and sensory impairments

Question 2

6- 12 years old GMFCS Level I

Answer 2

Children walk at home, school and in the community. They can climb stairs without the use of a rail. They perform gross motor skills such as running and jumping but speed, balance and coordination are limited

Question 3

6- 12 years old GMFCS Level II

Answer 3

Children walk in most setting and climb stairs holding onto the rail. They may experience difficulty walking long distances and balancing on uneven terrain, inclines, crowded areas and in confined spaces. Children may walk with physical assistance or a handheld mobility device or use wheeled mobility over longer distances. Children have only minimal ability to perform gross motor tasks such as running or jumping.

Question 4

6- 12 years old GMFCS Level III

Answer 4

Children walk using a hand held mobility device in most indoor settings. They may climb stairs holding onto a rail with supervision or assistance. Children use wheeled mobility when travelling longer distances and may self propel over shorter distances.

Question 5

6- 12 years old GMFCS Level IV

Answer 5

Children uses methods of mobility that require physical assistance or powered mobility in most settings. They may walk for short distances at home with physical support or use power mobility or a body support walked when positioned. At school, outdoors and in the community, children are transported in a manual wheelchair or use powered mobility.

Question 6

6- 12 years old GMFCS Level V

Answer 6

Children are transported in a manual wheelchair in all settings. Children are limited in their ability to maintain antigravity head and trunk postures and control leg and arm movements.

Question 7

Types of CP

Answer 7

Spastic, dyskinetic, ataxic and mixed

Question 8

Dyskinetic CP reflects involvement of the….

Answer 8

basal ganglia

Question 9

Dyskinetic features include…

Answer 9

atypical patterns of posture and involuntary, uncontrolled, recurring and sometimes stereotyped movements of affected body parts.

Question 10

Dyskinetic CP may be classified into further subtypes:

Answer 10

Aethotic and dystonic.

Question 11

Dystonia

Answer 11

Involuntary sustained or intermittent muscle contraction with repetitive movements and abnormal postures.

Question 12

Athetosis

Answer 12

Slow, continuous writhing movement that prevents that maintenance of a posture

Question 13

Ataxia

Answer 13

Inability to generate normal or expected voluntary movement trajectories that cannot be attributed to weakness or involuntary muscle activity. Results in general instability, abnormal patterns of movement and lack of coordination.

Question 14

CP more likely to walk

Answer 14

hemiplegic, ataxic

Question 15

CP less likely to walk

Answer 15

Dyskinetic, bilateral