Cerebral Palsy Flashcards
Cerebral palsy is…
- Umbrella term
- Nonprogressive developmental disorder
- Caused by insult to the developing brain
- Motor and sensory impairments
What are some comorbidities of cerebral palsy?
Sensation and sensory processing involvement, perception, cognition, communication/speech issues, behavioral and emotional disorders, mental retardation
There has been a steady prevalence of CP in the last _____ years. Why?
40 years
increase in survival rate of preterm babies
Incidence of CP in single births?
2-3/1000
Incidence of CP in twin births?
15/1000
Incidence of CP in triplet births?
80/1000
Incidence of CP in quadruplets?
43/1000
What is the main etiology behind CP?
Changes in prenatal brain development (75% of all cases)
What are some other etiologies behind CP?
congenital brain anomalies, prenatal events, perinatal events, post/neonatal events (10-18%)
Why can a definitive diagnosis only be made after 12 months?
neuroplasticity
What studies are available to diagnose CP?
MRI, cranial ultrasound
What is the typical presentation of an infant/child with CP?
Abnormal muscle tone, atypical posture, movement with persistent reflexes, non-progressive
What other diagnoses can mimic CP?
metabolic and mitochondrial disorders (they are progressive however)
What is bleeding into the ventricles called?
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)
What is bleeding into tissues around the ventricles?
Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH)
What is bleeding into the ventricles and around the venrticles called?
Periventricular intraventicular hemorrhage (PIVH)
What is a periventricular cyst (PVC)?
a cyst that may form in the area where the bleed occurred once the acuteness has resolved
What are some known risk factors for CP?
Mechanical ventilation (can cause IV bleeding) Injury during critical periods of brain development
When is periventricular white matter most sensitive to insult and injury?
between 24-34 weeks gestation
What are some antenatal risk factors for CP?
- prematurity and LBW
- intrauterine injections
- multiple gestation
- pregnancy complications
What are some perinatal risk factors for CP?
- birth asphyxia
- complicated labor and delivery
What are some postnatal risk factors for CP?
- non-accidental injury
- head trauma
- meningitis/enchephalitis
- cardio-pulmonary arrest
What are some strategies for preventing CP?
Obstetrical care (magnesium sulfate for preeclampsia, antibiotics for infection, corticosteroids for preterm labor)
What is the most common movement disorder associated with cerebral palsy?
spasticity