Cerebral Localization

Question 0

How many layers are found in the archicortex?

Answer 0

3 cell layers

Question 1

What is the neuron that is unique to the cerebral cortex?

Answer 1

Pyramidal cell

Question 2

How many layers are found in the neocortex?

Answer 2

6 cell layers

Question 3

What are the effects of a lesion in the occipital lobe- primary visual cortex?

Answer 3

Blindness

Question 4

What are the effects of a lesion in the occipital lobe- visual association cortex?

Answer 4

Visual agnosia (not knowing)

Question 5

What are the effects of a lesion in the occipital lobe- fusiform face area?

Answer 5

Prosonpagnosia- cannot recognize faces

Question 6

What are the effects of a lesion in the superior parietal lobe?

Answer 6

Tactile agnosia and astereoagnosia

Question 7

What are the effects of a lesion in the inferior parietal lobe?

Answer 7

Apraxia- inability to carry out learned motor act

Gerstmann’s syndrome- finger agnosia, difficulty in reading and writing, left right confusion.

Question 8

What are the effects of a lesion in the dorsolateral temporal lobe?

Answer 8

Involves loss of auditory comprehension

Question 9

What are the effects of a lesion in the posterior superior temporal gyrus (area 22)?

Answer 9

Wernicke’s receptive aphasia: free flowing speech with no content.

Question 10

What are the effects of a lesion in the inferior temporal gyri?

Answer 10

Memory loss: this is the source of info that is feeding into the hippocampal memory system.

Question 11

What are the effects of a lesion in the medial temporal lobe?

Answer 11

Amnesia ( important for memory)

Question 12

What are the effects of a lesion in the lateral frontal lobe primary motor area?

Answer 12

Contralateral paralysis- especially of hand

Question 13

What are the effects of a lesion in the lateral frontal lobe promotor area?

Answer 13

Contralateral paresis of upper arm

Question 14

What are the effects of a lesion in the medial aspect of the motor areas?

Answer 14

Contralateral paralysis of leg

Question 15

What are the effects of a lesion in the supplemental motor area?

Answer 15

Akinesis- loss of the ability to initiate movement.

Mutism- loss of ability to initiate speech.

Question 16

What are the effects of a lesion in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?

Answer 16

Problems with working memory and planning motor responses.

Question 17

What are the effects of a lesion in the supraorbital prefrontal area?

Answer 17

Hyperactivity, impulsiveness, inappropriate behavior; this region is a repository for rules regarding socially acceptable behavior.

Question 18

What is prosonpagnosia?

Answer 18

Lesion in the FFA resulting in the inability to recognize faces.

Question 19

What is tactile agnosia?

Answer 19

Lesion in the superior parietal lobe resulting in the inability to recognize objects by touch.

Question 20

What is optic ataxia?

Answer 20

Lesion in the superior parietal lobe resulting in the loss in ability to direct hand to object in nearby space.

Question 21

What is apraxia?

Answer 21

Lesion in the inferior parietal lobule resulting in the inability to carry out learned motor acts.

Question 22

What is Gerstmann syndrome?

Answer 22

Lesion in the inferior parietal lobule resulting in finger agnosia, difficulty in reading and writing, and left- right confusion.

Question 23

What is amnesia?

Answer 23

Lesion in the medial temporal lobe causing memory loss.

Question 24

What is Wernicke’s receptive aphasia?

Answer 24

Lesion in the posterior superior temporal gyrus resulting in free flowing speech with no content.

Question 25

What is contralateral paralysis?

Answer 25

Lesion of primary motor area resulting in paralysis of the opposite side of the lesion, especially the hand.

Question 26

What is akinesis?

Answer 26

Lesion of the supplementary motor area causing a loss in the ability to initiate movement.

Question 27

What is mutism?

Answer 27

Lesion in the supplementary motor area resulting in a loss of ability to initiate speech (dominant side).

Question 28

What is Broca’s expressive aphasia?

Answer 28

Lesion in the dominant hemisphere Broca’s area (BA 44 & 45) resulting in jerky, halting speech with content. In addition, aphasia (disturbance in language) may occur.