Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MD4001 Clinical > Cerebral Cortex From Cells to Function > Flashcards

Cerebral Cortex From Cells to Function Flashcards

1
Q

What are the vast majority of nerve cells in the CNS?

A

Multipolar (lots of dendrite branches)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

WHat are extensively branched neurons called?

A

Multipolar neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of cell is the dorsal root ganglion cell?

A

Pseudounipolar cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are bipolar nerve cells common in?

A

Special sense organs (ear, eye, nose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many axons do multipolar nerve cells have?

A

1 (many dendrites)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are interneurons for?

A

Local processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are pyramidal cells used for?

A

Sending info from the cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are examples of unmyelinated axons?

A

Sensory fibres carrying pain, temperature, itch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is multiple sclerosis?

A

Phasic disease:
- Immune attack by T cells and macrophages on myelin which causes its degeneration - this then causes conduction blocks, crosstalk (paraesthesia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Myelinated nerve fibres are what colour?

A

White (unmyelinated are grey)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many more glial cells are there than neurons?

A

10x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the functions of astrocytes?

A
  • Control water distribution
  • K+ buffering
  • ROS scavenging (ROS stands for reactive oxygen species)
  • Define architecture
  • Regulate migration/pruning/synaptogenesis
  • Help maintain but do not make up the BBB
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do astrocytes differ when in grey vs white matter?

A

White matter: more fibrous

Grey matter: Protoplasmic/blobby

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the blood-brain barrier made up of?

A
  • Endothelial cells and tight junctions
  • Astrocytes help maintain
  • Integrity highly dependent on astrocyte end feet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the functions of microglial cells?

A
  • Phagocytosis and antigen presentation (immune response)

- Synaptic pruning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the structure of ependymal cells

A

Ciliated cuboidal epithelial cells

17
Q

What is the function of ependymal cells?

A

Secrete and reabsorb CSF

18
Q

How many layers are there in most cerebral cortexes?

A

6 layers

19
Q

What cells make up the granular layers?

A

Stellate interneurons (multipolar short axon)

20
Q

What cells make up the pyramidal layers?

A

Pyramidal neurons

21
Q

In what cortex are interneurons more numerous?

A

Sensory cortex

22
Q

In what cortex is the pyramidal output more marked?

A

Motor cortex

23
Q

Where does more long distance signalling take place; is it more peripheral or deeper layers of the cortex?

A

Deeper layers have more long distance sending

24
Q

How can you visualise different areas of the brain’s activity?

A

fMRI

25
Q

What is somatotopy?

A

Point-for-point correspondence of an area of the body to a specific point on the central nervous system. Typically, the area of the body corresponds to a point on the primary somatosensory cortex

26
Q

What is the function of the premotor cortex?

A

Preperation for action - posture and gait (integration of spatial information and planned movement, grasping)

27
Q

What is the function of the posterior parietal cortex?

A

Integrating visual information to formulate motor commands

28
Q

What happens as you move posteriorly in the parietal lobe?

A

More higher order principles - i.e, orientation, rearrangement of memories, number processing etc.

29
Q

What can damage to the frontal lobes cause?

A

Disorders of personality and motivation

30
Q

What is Broca’s area responsible for?

A

Executing language

31
Q

What is Wernicke’s area responsible for?

A

Understanding language

32
Q

What is receptive aphasia?

A

Unable to understand/generate meaningful language. Associated with damage to Broca’s or Wernicke’s area

33
Q

What do Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas communicate via?

A

Arcuate fasiculus

34
Q

What is conduction aphasia?

A

Difficulty repeating words/phrases (associated with damage to arcuate fasiculus)

35
Q

In what hemisphere does the majority of language processing take place?

A

Left (96%) (the ones who control with the right usually have damaged left hemisphere)

36
Q

WHat is the right hemisphere more associated with?

A
  • Drawing, music, spatial perception

MD4001 Clinical (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions