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Road Maps: Neuroscience > Cerebellum ane Basal Ganglia > Flashcards

Cerebellum ane Basal Ganglia Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Both basal ganglia pathways use disinhibition to mediate their effects. Which of the following pairs of structures contain the 2 inhibitory neuron cell bodies that interact to create a disinhibition?
    A. Substantia nigra, pars compacta—putamen
    B. Globus pallidus external segment—subthalamic nucleus
    C. Globus pallidus internal segment—VA nucleus of the thalamus
    D. VA nucleus of the thalamus—motor cortex
    E. Putamen—globus pallidus internal segment
A

E. Putaman-globus pallidus internal segment

The putamen-globus pallidus internal segment contain GABA neurons that interacts to create a disnihibition in the direct basal ganglia pathway and excitation of the thalamus abed cortex.

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2
Q 
2. A 55-year-old male patient develops dancelike involuntary movements. You diagnose the patient as having a degenerative neurological disease that was also evident in the patient’s father and uncle. Where is the most likely site of the degeneration?
A. Globus pallidus, internal segment
B. VL nucleus of the thalamus
C. Head of caudate nucleus
D. Substantia nigra, pars compacta
E. Putamen
A

The answer is C. The patient has Huntington’s disease. Huntington’s chorea exhibits autosomal dominant inheritance (chromosome 4) and is characterized by degenera- tion of indirect pathway GABA neurons in the striatum, in particular the head of the caudate nucleus.

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3
Q 
3. A hypertensive patient suffers a lacunar infarct and develops uncontrollable violent flinging movements of the left upper limb. Where is the lesion?
A. Left globus pallidus internal segment
B. Right subthalamic nucleus
C. Left substantia nigra
D. Right VL nucleus
E. Right substantia nigra
A

The answer is B. The patient has hemiballismus, which results from a lesion of a sub- thalamic nucleus and is commonly caused by lacunar stroke of a thalamoperforating branch of a posterior cerebral artery in hypertensive patients. Patients with hemibal- lismus exhibit violent projectile ballistic movements of a limb which are observed in the limbs contralateral to the lesioned subthalamic nucleus, in this case the right.

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4
Q
  1. Over a period of years, a construction worker begins to have difficulty hammering nails using his right arm and hand. When he walks, he seems to teeter to the right. A neurological exam reveals that muscle strength is 5/5 in both the upper and lower limbs, but the patient exhibits a tremor when attempting to touch his right index fin- ger to the tip of his nose. Cranial nerve testing and the rest of the neurological exam are normal. Where might a lesion be located that accounts for all of the patient’s symptoms?
    A. Anterior part of the vermis bilaterally
    B. Lateral part of the hemisphere on the right
    C. The vermis and cerebellar hemisphere on the right
    D. Head of the caudate nucleus on the right
    E. Inferior olivary nuclei on the right
A
  1. The answer is C. This patient has an intention tremor with dysmetria, implicating the right hemisphere, and an ataxic gait that involves the vermis on the same side of the intention tremor.
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5
Q

MATCHING PROBLEMS
Questions 5–13: Motor control systems match: Use the following structures to answer the questions that follow.
Choices (each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all):
A. Vermis of cerebellum
B. Head of caudate nucleus
C. Globus pallidus external segment
D. Globus pallidus internal segment
E. Dentate nucleus
F. Subthalamic nucleus
G. Substantia nigra
H. More than one choice in A–G is an appropriate answer
5. Contains cell bodies of neurons that utilize GABA as a neurotransmitter.

A
  1. H (A–D apply)
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6
Q

MATCHING PROBLEMS
Questions 5–13: Motor control systems match: Use the following structures to answer the questions that follow.
Choices (each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all):
A. Vermis of cerebellum
B. Head of caudate nucleus
C. Globus pallidus external segment
D. Globus pallidus internal segment
E. Dentate nucleus
F. Subthalamic nucleus
G. Substantia nigra
H. More than one choice in A–G is an appropriate answer
6. Axons of cell bodies here synapse in the thalamus.

A

H. More than one answer choice in A-E is an appropriate answer

A. Vermis of cerebellum
B. Head of caudate nucleus
C. Globus pallidus external segment
D. Globus pallidus internal segment
E. Dentate nucleus
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7
Q

MATCHING PROBLEMS
Questions 5–13: Motor control systems match: Use the following structures to answer the questions that follow.
Choices (each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all):
A. Vermis of cerebellum
B. Head of caudate nucleus
C. Globus pallidus external segment
D. Globus pallidus internal segment
E. Dentate nucleus
F. Subthalamic nucleus
G. Substantia nigra
H. More than one choice in A–G is an appropriate answer
7. Axons from neuron cell bodies here cross the midline.

A

E. Dentate nucleus

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8
Q

MATCHING PROBLEMS
Questions 5–13: Motor control systems match: Use the following structures to answer the questions that follow.
Choices (each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all):
A. Vermis of cerebellum
B. Head of caudate nucleus
C. Globus pallidus external segment
D. Globus pallidus internal segment
E. Dentate nucleus
F. Subthalamic nucleus
G. Substantia nigra
H. More than one choice in A–G is an appropriate answer
8. Contains cells bodies of neurons that utilize dopamine as a neurotransmitter.

A

G. Contains cell bodies of neurons that utilize dopamine as a neurotransmitter

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9
Q

MATCHING PROBLEMS
Questions 5–13: Motor control systems match: Use the following structures to answer the questions that follow.
Choices (each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all):
A. Vermis of cerebellum
B. Head of caudate nucleus
C. Globus pallidus external segment
D. Globus pallidus internal segment
E. Dentate nucleus
F. Subthalamic nucleus
G. Substantia nigra
H. More than one choice in A–G is an appropriate answer
9. A neuronal structure utilized by both the direct and indirect basal ganglia pathways.

A

D. Globus pallidus internal segment

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10
Q 
MATCHING PROBLEMS
Questions 5–13: Motor control systems match: Use the following structures to answer the questions that follow.
Choices (each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all):
A. Vermis of cerebellum
B. Head of caudate nucleus
C. Globus pallidus external segment
D. Globus pallidus internal segment
E. Dentate nucleus
F. Subthalamic nucleus
G. Substantia nigra
H. More than one choice in A–G is an appropriate answer
10. Contains granule cells.
A

A. Vermis of cerebellum

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11
Q

MATCHING PROBLEMS
Questions 5–13: Motor control systems match: Use the following structures to answer the questions that follow.
Choices (each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all):
A. Vermis of cerebellum
B. Head of caudate nucleus
C. Globus pallidus external segment
D. Globus pallidus internal segment
E. Dentate nucleus
F. Subthalamic nucleus
G. Substantia nigra
H. More than one choice in A–G is an appropriate answer
11. Contains cell bodies of neurons that utilize acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter.

A

B. Head of caudate nucleus

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12
Q 
MATCHING PROBLEMS
Questions 5–13: Motor control systems match: Use the following structures to answer the questions that follow.
Choices (each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all):
A. Vermis of cerebellum
B. Head of caudate nucleus
C. Globus pallidus external segment
D. Globus pallidus internal segment
E. Dentate nucleus
F. Subthalamic nucleus
G. Substantia nigra
H. More than one choice in A–G is an appropriate answer
12. Climbing fibers synapse here.
A

H. More than one choice in A-G is an appropriate answer

A. Vermis of cerebellum
B. Head of caudate nucleus
C. Globus pallidus external segment
D. Globus pallidus internal segment
E. Dentate nucleus
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13
Q 
MATCHING PROBLEMS
Questions 5–13: Motor control systems match: Use the following structures to answer the questions that follow.
Choices (each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all):
A. Vermis of cerebellum
B. Head of caudate nucleus
C. Globus pallidus external segment
D. Globus pallidus internal segment
E. Dentate nucleus
F. Subthalamic nucleus
G. Substantia nigra
H. More than one choice in A–G is an appropriate answer
13. A derivative of the diencephalon
A

F. Subthalmic nucleus

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14
Q

Questions 14–29: Basal ganglia match.
Choices (each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all):
A. Direct basal ganglia pathway
B. Indirect basal ganglia pathway
C. Neither basal ganglia pathway
D. Both basal ganglia pathways
14. Utilizes disinhibition of the subthalamic nucleus to mediate its effects.

A

B. Indirect pathway

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15
Q

Questions 14–29: Basal ganglia match.
Choices (each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all):
A. Direct basal ganglia pathway
B. Indirect basal ganglia pathway
C. Neither basal ganglia pathway
D. Both basal ganglia pathways
15. Utilizes neurons in the external segment of the globus pallidus.

A

B. Indirect basal ganglia pathway

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16
Q 
Questions 14–29: Basal ganglia match.
Choices (each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all):
A. Direct basal ganglia pathway
B. Indirect basal ganglia pathway
C. Neither basal ganglia pathway
D. Both basal ganglia pathways
16. Effects are enhanced by dopamine.
A

A. Direct basal ganglia pathway

17
Q

Questions 14–29: Basal ganglia match.
Choices (each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all):
A. Direct basal ganglia pathway
B. Indirect basal ganglia pathway
C. Neither basal ganglia pathway
D. Both basal ganglia pathways
17. Utilizes neurons in the diencephalon.

A

D. Both basal ganglia pathways

18
Q

Questions 14–29: Basal ganglia match.
Choices (each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all):
A. Direct basal ganglia pathway
B. Indirect basal ganglia pathway
C. Neither basal ganglia pathway
D. Both basal ganglia pathways
18. Excited by axons of glutamate neurons from cerebral cortex.

A
  1. D Both basal ganglia pathways
19
Q

Questions 14–29: Basal ganglia match.
Choices (each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all):
A. Direct basal ganglia pathway
B. Indirect basal ganglia pathway
C. Neither basal ganglia pathway
D. Both basal ganglia pathways
19. Lesions here result in an underactive motor cortex.

A
  1. A Direct basal ganglia pathway
20
Q

Questions 14–29: Basal ganglia match.
Choices (each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all):
A. Direct basal ganglia pathway
B. Indirect basal ganglia pathway
C. Neither basal ganglia pathway
D. Both basal ganglia pathways
20. Effects are enhanced by acetylcholine.

A
  1. Indirect basal ganglia pathway
21
Q

Questions 14–29: Basal ganglia match.
Choices (each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all):
A. Direct basal ganglia pathway
B. Indirect basal ganglia pathway
C. Neither basal ganglia pathway
D. Both basal ganglia pathways
21. Utilizes GABA neurons in its pathway.

A

D. Both basal ganglia pathways

22
Q

Questions 14–29: Basal ganglia match.
Choices (each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all):
A. Direct basal ganglia pathway
B. Indirect basal ganglia pathway
C. Neither basal ganglia pathway
D. Both basal ganglia pathways
22. Lesions here result in an overactive motor cortex.

A

B. Indirect basal ganglia pathway

23
Q

Questions 14–29: Basal ganglia match.
Choices (each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all):
A. Direct basal ganglia pathway
B. Indirect basal ganglia pathway
C. Neither basal ganglia pathway
D. Both basal ganglia pathways
23. Utilizes neurons in the internal segment of the globus pallidus.

A

D. Both basal ganglia pathways

24
Q

Questions 14–29: Basal ganglia match.
Choices (each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all):
A. Direct basal ganglia pathway
B. Indirect basal ganglia pathway
C. Neither basal ganglia pathway
D. Both basal ganglia pathways
24. Lesions here result in difficulty initiating movements.

A

A. Direct basal ganglia pathway

25
Q

Questions 14–29: Basal ganglia match.
Choices (each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all):
A. Direct basal ganglia pathway
B. Indirect basal ganglia pathway
C. Neither basal ganglia pathway
D. Both basal ganglia pathways
25. A lesion here results in ballistic-like movements.

A

B. Indirect basal ganglia pathway

26
Q 
Questions 14–29: Basal ganglia match.
Choices (each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all):
A. Direct basal ganglia pathway
B. Indirect basal ganglia pathway
C. Neither basal ganglia pathway
D. Both basal ganglia pathways
26. A lesion here results in chorea.
A

B. Indirect basal ganglia pathway

27
Q

Questions 14–29: Basal ganglia match.
Choices (each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all):
A. Direct basal ganglia pathway
B. Indirect basal ganglia pathway
C. Neither basal ganglia pathway
D. Both basal ganglia pathways
27. Utilizes disinhibition of the VL nucleus of the thalamus to mediate its effects.

A

A. Direct basal ganglia pathway

28
Q

Questions 14–29: Basal ganglia match.
Choices (each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all):
A. Direct basal ganglia pathway
B. Indirect basal ganglia pathway
C. Neither basal ganglia pathway
D. Both basal ganglia pathways
28. A unilateral lesion here results in effects that are ipsilateral to the lesion.

A

C. Neither basal ganglia pathway

29
Q

Questions 14–29: Basal ganglia match.
Choices (each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all):
A. Direct basal ganglia pathway
B. Indirect basal ganglia pathway
C. Neither basal ganglia pathway
D. Both basal ganglia pathways
29. A lesion here results in a shuffling gait and a pill-rolling tremor.

A

A. Direct basal ganglia pathway

Road Maps: Neuroscience (4 decks)

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