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Anatomy term 3 > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum? (2)

A
  1. production of co-ordinated movements.

2. maintains balance and posture

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2
Q

How does the cerebellum produce coordinated movements?

A

coordinates -:

  1. time
  2. force
  3. duration

this is SYNERGY

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3
Q

What is seen on a dorsal view of the cerebellum? (5)

A
  1. anterior lobe
  2. primary fissure
  3. posterior lobe
  4. hemisphere
  5. vermis
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4
Q

What is seen on a ventral view of the cerebellum?

A
  1. tonsil
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5
Q

What can be seen from the view form the IV ventricle? (6)

A
  1. flocullus
  2. nodule
  3. tonsil
  4. inferior cerebellar peduncle
  5. middle cerebellar peduncle
  6. superior cerebellar peduncle
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6
Q

What are the 3 function subdivisions of the cerebellum?

A
  1. archicerebellum or vestibulocerebellum
  2. paleocerebellum or spinocerebellum
  3. neocerebellum or cerebrocerebellum
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7
Q

What does the archicerebellum/vestibulocerebellum comprise of?

A

flocculonodular lobe and part of the vermis

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8
Q

What does the paleocerebellum or spinocerebellum comprise of?

A

most of the vermis and adjacent region of hemispheres.

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9
Q

What does the neocerebellum/cerebrocerebellum comprise of?

A

lateral parts of the hemispheres

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10
Q

What is the function of the vestibulocerebellum?

A
  • coordinates muscles involved in maintaining balance and constancy of visual fields.
  • receives input from vestibular apparatus of inner ear
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11
Q

What is the function of spinocerebellum?

A

co-ordinates muscles involved in posture and locomotion

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12
Q

What is the function of the cerebocerebellum?

A

co-ordinates movements of distal limbs - particularly fine and skilled movements of the hands.

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13
Q

What is rubber necking?

A

keeping gaze constant despite moving your head, neck and body.

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14
Q

What muscles are involved in moving the eye ball side to side?

A
  • lateral rectus

- medial rectus

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15
Q

What is involved in balance?

A

lateral semi-circular canal

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16
Q

What type of pathway is the vestibulospinal pathway and what does it control?

A

descending pathway

controls posture

17
Q

Is the influence of the cerebellum ipsilateral or contralateral?

A

ipsilateral

18
Q

What does the spinocerebellar tract connect?

A

proprioception and other sensory information from spinal cord passes into the cerebellum via the ICP.

ON SAME SIDE

19
Q

In terms of the cerebellocerebellar connections where does it receive input from motor cortex?

A

via Pontine nuclei and inferior olivary nucleus

20
Q

In terms of the cerebellar connections where does the output go to?

A
  1. motor cortex - via the thalamus
  2. reticular nuceli
  3. red nucleus
  • ensures intended movements are controlled and coordinated
21
Q

In terms of the cerebella connections where does input come from?

A

cortex - including motor cortex via nuclei in Pons and via inferior olivary nucleus.

22
Q

Where do all descending pathways descend to?

A

from superior colliculus to LMNs

23
Q

What is the cerebrocerebellum also involved in?

A

blink response

  • puff of air at cornea = blink
  • a sound made before blink
  • the sound alone will induce blink
24
Q

What may stop the blink response?

A

damage to the inferior olivary nucleus

  • puff of air = no blink
  • sound = no blink
25
Q

What are the effects of cerebellar damage?

A
  • in-coordination/ ataxia (no order)

- disordered movement

26
Q

What happens in truncal ataxia?

A
  • inability to stand or sit without falling over
27
Q

Where is the lesion in truncal ataxia and what does it affect and what is it most commonly due to?

A

midline lesion

affects vetsibulocerebellum

due to medulloblastoma

28
Q

What happens in gait ataxia?

A

lower limbs mostly affected producing staggering and wide-based gait.

29
Q

Where is the lesion in gait ataxia and who is it most common in?

A

lesion of the spinocerebellum

chronic alcoholics- due to degeneration of cerebellar neurons in paravermal areas

30
Q

What are signs of a lesion of the cerebellar hemisphere? (6)

A
  1. inncoordination of voluntary movement - Upper limbs
  2. tremor of intent
  3. past pointing or dysmetria
  4. adiadochokinesia
  5. dysarthria
  6. nystagmus
31
Q

What are common lesions of the cerebellum? (3)

A
  1. midline lesions - truncal ataxia
  2. anterior lobe lesions - gait ataxia
  3. Neocerebllar lesions - incoordination of voluntary movements

Anatomy term 3 (4 decks)

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