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Neuro > cerebellar dysfunction and special topics > Flashcards

cerebellar dysfunction and special topics Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most debilitating effect of damage to the cerebellum?

A

ataxia

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2
Q

which cerebellar artery supplies the superior half of the dorsal cerebellum?

A

SCA

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3
Q

which cerebellar artery supplies the middle and inferior peduncles?

A

AICA

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4
Q

which cerebellar artery supplies the superior peduncle?

A

SCA

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5
Q

which cerebellar artery supplies the inferior half of the cerebellum?

A

PICA

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6
Q

what is a major difference in the impairements between MS and cerebellar CVAs?

A

fatigue. CVAs don’t suffer from fatigue as much because their axons still have myelin

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7
Q

what side of the body is affected when a stroke affects the left side of cerebellum and why?

A

left side of the body b/c the tracts are either uncrossed or double-crossed

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8
Q

what part of the cerebellum helps transmit all the info to and from the cerebellum?

A

peduncles

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9
Q

what are some clinical signs of damage to the vestibulocerebellum?

A

nystagmus, impaired VOR, imbalance

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10
Q

what are some clinical signs of damage to the spinocerebellum? (7)

A

oculomotor deficits, hypotonia, imbalance gait, gait ataxia, tremor, dysmetria, dysdiadocokinesia

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11
Q

what are some clinical signs of damage to the cerebro/neo cerebellum? (4)

A

dysdiadocokinesia, dysmetria, dyssynergia, decomposition

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12
Q

what is an alternate name for the vestibulocerebellum?

A

flocculonodular lobe

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13
Q

what is an alternate name for the medial and intermediate zone?

A

spinocerebellum

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14
Q

what is another name for the cerebro/neo cerebellum?

A

lateral zone

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15
Q

explain the relation between feedforward control and the cerebellum

A

the cerebellum is the feedforward control center. this allows us to coordinate before even moving

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16
Q

explain what “lack of check” is and what is may look like

A

it is a rebound. if a pt is having their MMT checked their limb will rebound when the pressure is released

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17
Q

what type of tremor is associated with cerebellar damage?

A

action tremor

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18
Q

what are 5 clinical manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction?

A

imbalance
ataxia
oculomotor deficits
speech impairments
impaired motor learning

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19
Q

what test may be impaired with cerebellar dysfunctions?

A

smooth pursuit, gaze invoked nystagmus

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20
Q

for cerebellar dysfunction, the prognosis for recovery depends highly on…

A

etiology and extent of the lesion

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21
Q

what 3 things are important to include when documenting impairments and activity limitations?

A

level of assistance
degree of impairment
detailed description of the deficits

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22
Q

in order to facilitate plasticity during intervention for cerebellar lesions, what must be done?

A

sufficient and increasing challenge. must monitor vitals

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23
Q

talk about the significance of adding weight for people with cerebellar dysfunctions and whether it is beneficial or not

A

weight is added to pts with ataxia in order to slow down/lower the amplitude of their movement. it can work in the beginning but it is not good for the pt in the long run. they may fatigue quicker, their motor feedback may be affected, it can cause hypermetria, and once the weight is removed they will be off balance.

24
Q

explain the major difference between primary and secondary brain tumors

A

primary brain tumors originate in the CNS. Secondary brain tumors are metastatic and originate outside of the CNS.

25
Q

what are some symptoms of a brain tumor?

A

headache, seizure, cognitive/personality changes, or focal neuro signs

26
Q

explain papilledema

A

it is when the optic nerve is compressed d/t the swollen brain

27
Q

a tumor in this area will cause abnormal weight gain and/or amenorrhea

A

pituitary gland

28
Q

what are sxs of a frontal lobe brain tumor?

A

personality changes, balance difficulties, walking difficulties

29
Q

what are sxs of a parietal lobe brain tumor?

A

agnosia

30
Q

what are sxs of a temporal lobe brain tumor?

A

seizures, auditory changes, perceptual changes

31
Q

what are sxs of an occipital lobe tumor?

A

eye movement dysfunction, vision loss/changes

32
Q

explain meningitis

A

it is when an infection spread thru the CSF, caused by trauma or medical procedures

33
Q

what are some bacterias that can cause meningitis?

A

e coli, strep, flu, pneumonia

34
Q

explain how to perform the special tests for meningitis

A

kernig sign involves bringing their leg into 90/90 and then stretching the hamstrings. it is posiitve if they have LBP.
Brudzinski involes hip flexion and passive neck flexion, positive is pain or increased headache

35
Q

what are 5 components of normal postural control?

A

vertical orientation
anticipatory
reactive
sensory organization
dynamic postural control

36
Q

during postural control interventions, what should we do if a pt is overreliant on vision for stability?

A

teach them a new strategy and then take vision away

37
Q

explain cystic fibrosis

A

an obstruction of the lungs by mucus

38
Q

what are some things PT can do for pts with cystic fibrosis?

A

postural drainage, percussion, vibration, breathing exercises

39
Q

what intensity of exercise is recommended for pts w/ CF?

A

vigorous

40
Q

what are some other organs affected by CF?

A

skin, liver, pancreas, intestines, reproductive organs

41
Q

explain what spinal muscular atrophy is

A

it is a progressive muscle weakness disorder, the anterior horn cells in the SC and brain stem degenerate

42
Q

what is spinal muscular atrophy type 1?

A

werdnig-hoffman disease. onset is <6 months. death before 2 y/o

43
Q

what is spinal muscular atrophy type 2?

A

onset of 6-18 months. better prognosis

44
Q

what is spinal muscular atrophy type 3?

A

onset >18 months, normal life span

45
Q

what is spinal muscular atrophy type 4?

A

onset >10 y/o. normal life expectancy.

46
Q

what are some PT interventions for spinal muscular atrophy?

A

prevent contractures and joint deformities, spinal alignment, w/c supports, breathing exercises, aquatic therapy

47
Q

what is the etiology of spinal muscular atrophy?

A

genetic

48
Q

what is the etiology of cystic fibrosis?

A

genetic

49
Q

what is the most common inherited neuromuscular disease?

A

charcot marie-tooth (CMT)

50
Q

explain charcot marie-tooth (CMT)

A

it is a genetic disorder that affects the motor and sensory peripheral nerves

51
Q

what is the prognosis for charcot marie-tooth (CMT)

A

it is good, they have normal lifespan

52
Q

explain what myasthenia gravis is

A

it is a progressive autoimmune disorder that causes weakness and fatigue

53
Q

explain prognosis of myasthenia gravis

A

it is a progressive disorder with no cure.

54
Q

is it appropriate for patients with myasthenia gravis to exercise?

A

yes, as long as it isn’t during an exacerbation

55
Q

explain some strengthening guidelines for patients with post polio syndrome

A

minimal to moderate intensity.
only strengthen muscles that move thru whole ROM.
progress slowly
monitor for fatigue

56
Q

what should PT do when post polio syndrome patients have signifigant weakness in a muscle?

A

stretch, do not strengthen.

Neuro (3 decks)

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