Ceramic Industry Flashcards
Involves the production and processing of ceramic materials, which are non-metallic, inorganic solids typically made by heating raw materials like clay, silica, and feldspar at high temperatures. The industry includes a wide range of products used in construction, household items, industrial applications, and advanced technology.
Ceramic Industries
are defined as non-metallic, inorganic materials that are subjected to high temperatures during their formation.
Generally composed of elements such as silicon, oxygen, aluminum, and nitrogen, ceramics can be crystalline or partly crystalline in structure.
Ceramics
The word ceramics is traced back to the Greek term “_______”, meaning potter’s clay or pottery.
Keramos
What are the best-known ceramics?
- Pottery
- Glass
- Brick
- Porcelain
- Cement
Their findings indicate that humans were creating ceramics as early as ________ BCE, with early examples found in southern central Europe as sculpted figures.
- Ancient Origins
- 24,000
Around 10,000 BCE, functional ceramics like pots and bowls emerged, linked to the development of agriculture for food storage and cooking.
Neolithic Period
Civilizations like the Egyptians, Mesopotamians, and Chinese developed simple clay vessels and tiles for practical purposes, with the Egyptians mastering ________, an early form of glazed ceramics.
- Early Civilizations (4000 BCE)
- faience
The invention of the potter’s wheel led to smoother, more even pottery production using the _________ technique.
The Rise of Pottery (3500 BCE)
2. wheel-forming
Produced in Mesopotamia at the beginning of the Bronze Age, Egyptians started building factories to create glassware for ointments and oils around 1500 BCE.
Glazed Pottery
Flourished in various cultures, with examples like Greek terracotta figurines and Roman pottery showcasing both artistic and utilitarian aspects.
Ceramic Art (1000 BCE)
Brought advancements in kiln technology and ceramic formulations, leading to stronger and more reliable products.
Industrial Revolution (18th–19th century)
With the advent of electricity in
the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the insulating
properties of ceramics became crucial, paving the way
for advances in telecommunications and power
generation.
Technical Ceramics
Ceramics are used in a wide range of applications, from building materials and tableware to advanced technologies like electronics and aerospace.
Modern Ceramics
Mechanical Properties of Ceramics
- High Hardness
- Brittleness
- High Compressive Strength
- Low Ductility
- Low Toughness
- High Stiffness
Ceramics are extremely hard, making them resistant to scratching and wear.
High Hardness
They tend to fracture easily under stress, especially in tension, due to limited plastic deformation.
Brittleness
While they are weak in tension, ceramics can withstand very high compressive loads.
High Compressive Strength
Ceramics are not ductile and cannot stretch or deform before breaking.
Low Ductility
Ceramics have ________, meaning they are prone to cracking under sudden impact.
Low Toughness
They have a high Young’s modulus, meaning they are rigid and do not deform easily under stress.
High Stiffness
Thermal Properties of Ceramics
- High Melting Point
- Low Thermal Conductivity
- Thermal Expansion
- Thermal Shock Resistance
- Heat Capacity
- Refractoriness
Their materials are made from naturally occurring substances like clay and quartz sand, used for creating items like bricks, tiles, pottery, and tableware.
Traditional Ceramics
It is pottery clay that has not been vitrified (the process by which crystalline silicate components join to form non-crystalline glass compounds) which increases the porousness and coarseness of the pottery. Terracotta, unglazed clay-based pottery, as well as bricks, water pipes, and other materials, are typical forms of ________. Fired at low temperatures
(~____°C).
Earthenware
It is a vitreous or semi-vitreous product that is enameled to give it a glassy appearance and make it nonporous. It’s durable, chip-resistant, and long-lasting which makes it
ideal for cooking, baking, storage, and serving dishes in the kitchen. Fired at high temperatures (____°C - ____°C).
- Stoneware
- 1186 - 1285
