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Ortho Therapy H > Cephs > Flashcards

Cephs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of Sella and what does it house? (Clue: Tursica)

A

The midpoint of the Sella Tursica. It houses the Pituitary gland.

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2
Q

What is the Nasion?

A

The Nasion is the most anterior of the frontonasal suture.

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3
Q

What is the Orbitale?

A

The Orbitale is the most inferior anterior point on the margin of the orbit

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4
Q

What is the A point?

A

The A point is the deepest concavity of the anterior profile of the maxilla.

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5
Q

Why is it hard to identify the A point.

A

Because as the roots move during treatment, it can be difficult to find the A point.

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6
Q

What is the B point (clue:symphysis)

A

The B point is the deepest concavity of the mandibular symphysis

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7
Q

What is ANS and what does it stand for? (clue:process)

A

Anterior Nasal Spine. This is the tip of the anterior process of maxilla.

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8
Q

What is PNS and what does it stand for?

A

Posterior Nasal Spine. It is the tip of the posterior nasal spine of maxilla.

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9
Q

What is the Porion? (PO)

A

The porion is the midpoint of the external auditory meatus.

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10
Q

What is the Pogonion? (Pog)

A

The pogonion is the most anterior part of the mandibular symphysis.

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11
Q

What is the Menton? (Me)

A

The Menton is the lowest point of the mandibular symphysis.

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12
Q

What is the Gonion? (Go)

A

The Gonion is the most inferior posterior point on the angle of the mandible.

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13
Q

What is the Gnathion?

A

The Gnathion is the lowest part of the midline of the chin or mandible.

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14
Q

What are the 4 plane is cephalometric and what point make up each plane.

A

SN - Sella to Nasion. Represent cranial base from 7 yrs old
Frankfort plane - porion orbitale
Maxillary plane - ANS to PNS
Mandibular plan - Gonion to Menton

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15
Q

What is SNA and what does it indicate?

A

SNA - Sella Nasion and A point. Indicates AP relationship of maxilla to cranial base.

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16
Q

What is SNB and what does it indicate?

A

SNB - Sella Nasion and B point. Indicates AP relationship of Mandible to cranial base.

17
Q

What is ANB and what does it indicate?

A

ANB - A point, Nasion and B point. Indicates AP relationship of mandible and maxilla.
Class 1 - 2-4
Class 2 - less than 4
Class 3 - more than 2

18
Q

How do you assess the vertical skeletal relationship using cephs?

A

MMPA or Facial proportions (formula?)

19
Q

What happens to the lower incisor mandibular plan angle IF the MMPA angle is increased?

A

The lower incisors are usually retroclined and the LIMnP angle is decreased.

20
Q

ANGLES IN EASTMAN:
SNA
SNB
ANB
MMPA
Ui MxP
Li MxP
INTERINCISAL ANGLE

A

SNA 81
SNB 78
ANB 3
MMPA 27
Ui MxP 109
Li MxP 93 (-120=MMPA)
Interincisal angle 133

21
Q

Soft tissue relationship - what is E line and harmony plane?

A

E line: Soft tissue line from chin to nose. Upper lip - 4mm from line or posterior Lower line - 2mm from line

Harmony plane: soft tissue chin to lip. Bisect nose

22
Q

Name types of cephalometric analysis

A

1) Wits (where the nasion is difficult to locate. Instead of using cranial base, assess ap jaw discrepancies)
2) Opal
3) Eastman

23
Q

Definition of Cephalometrics

A

It is the measurement of the head from sagittal plane.
Measurement of soft tissues, bones and teeth.

24
Q

Why must ceph be standardised and how?

A

Ceph should be reproducible to accurately compare same patient at different time frames.
- natural head posture with frankfort plane parallel to ground and horizontal.

25
Q

What equipment do you use for ceph?

A
  • cephalostats - earrods sit in external auditory meatus
  • film - with intensifying screen.
  • aluminium wedge - soft tissue definition
  • collimated xray source - 5 foot from pt
26
Q

Why is there magnification of cephs and how to prevent mistakes?

A

7-8% magnification bcos of divergent of beam.. Scale included.

27
Q

What is the radiation dose?

A

6 MicroSv

28
Q

Why do we take cephs?

A

1) treatment planning and diagnosis - skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissues
2) during treatment
3) end of treatment
4) research
5) assess or monitor growth

29
Q

Methods to analyse (clue:trace?)

A

1) Light box and tracing paper
2) electronic automatic system

30
Q

What are the points to consider when tracing cephalometrics?

A

1) validity
2) stability of points
3) reproducibility

31
Q

What are the types of errors when tracing cephalometrics?

A

1) systematic - over/underestimation
2) random - no pattern

32
Q

Specific errors of cephalometrics

A

1) error in projection - 2 dimensions in radiograph of a 3 dimensional objection
2) error in identification - landmarks, operator or ceph analysis used

33
Q

How can you reduce errors in cephalometrics?

A

1) the careful selection of analysis
2) good understanding of the points you are plotting
3) good film quality
4) care when interpreting points

Ortho Therapy H (1 decks)

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