Cephalosporins

Question 1

4 types of beta-lactams

Answer 1

1. Penicillins
2. Cephalosporins
3. Monobactams
4. Carbapenems

Question 2

MOA of Cephalosporins

Answer 2

activate cell wall autolytic enzymes by blocking the terminal cross-linking of peptidoglycan

Question 3

Cefazolin

Answer 3

First generaation cephalosporin prototype

Question 4

Cefaclor

Answer 4

Second Generation cephalosporin prototype

Question 5

Cefepime

Answer 5

Fourth Generation cephalosporin prototyp

Question 6

ceftriaxone

Answer 6

Third Generation cephalosporin prototype

Question 7

ceftaroline

Answer 7

Unnamed generation cephalosporin

Question 8

DOC for N. ghonnorhoaea

Answer 8

Cephalosporins: ceftriaxone, cefixime

Question 9

DOC for Moxarella Catarrhalis

Answer 9

2nd or 3rd cephalosporin

Question 10

DOC for E. Coli, Klebsiella, Proteus

Answer 10

1st or 2ng gen cephalosporin

Question 11

DOC for salmonella

Answer 11

3rd generation cephalosporin

Question 12

DOC for Penecillin Resistant Strep Pneumo

Answer 12

3rd gen cephalosporin

Question 13

DOC for Borrelia burgdorferi

Answer 13

ceftrioxone (LATE)

Question 14

Toxicity

Answer 14

• fairly safe
  Superinfection
  Disulfram-like rxn after ETOH
  Allergy (10% cross sensitivity with pen) - rash, urticaria, fever, eosinophilia
  GI sxs: anorexia, N, V, D
  Direct/indirect positive Coomb’s test
  Dose-dependent renal tubular necrosis - synergistic nephrotoxicity with AMINOGLYCOSIDES

Question 15

Therapeutic Advantages of Cefazolin

Answer 15

First Gen
Longer Duration of Action
Good Penetration to Bone

Question 16

Therapeutic Advantages of Cephalexin

Answer 16

Frist Gen Prototype for ORAL

effective agains pharyngitis

Question 17

Therapeutic Disadvantage of Cefaclor

Answer 17

Associated with Serum Sickness, Second Generation

Question 18

Therapeutic Advantage Cefuroxime

Answer 18

Second Generation
Longer half-life than other 2nd gens
Crosses BBB
Effective against community-acquired PNM in elderly and immunocompromised

Question 19

Therapeutic Disadvantages of Cefoperazone

Answer 19

Third Generation

Side chain causes bleeding problems and disurfam effect (ETOH induced)

Question 20

Therapeutic Advantage of Cefotaxime

Answer 20

Good Penetration into CSF

Question 21

Therapeutic Advantage of Ceftazadime

Answer 21

Third Generation

Active against pseudomonas

Question 22

Therapeutic Advantage of Ceftriaxone

Answer 22

Third Generation
Longest half-life of any cephalosporin (6-8 hours), one day dosing
High levels in blood and CSF possible
Effective against N. Ghonorrhea
GOOD FOR USE WITH RENAL DISEASE - extreted in bile
Good bone penetration