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Infectious Disease Therapeutics > Cephalosporins > Flashcards

Cephalosporins Flashcards

1
Q

Cephalosporin MOA

A
  • Same as penicillins; bacteriocidal
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2
Q

Resistance to Cephalosporins is primarily through…

A
  • Beta-lactamase production
  • May alter affinity or lack of PBP
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3
Q

First Generation Cephalosporins

A

Oral – cephalexin and cefadroxil
IV/IM - cefazolin

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4
Q

First Generation Cephalosporins are active against….

A
  • Gram Positive Cocci (Not enterococci or MRSA)
  • Some gram negative bacilli (E. coli, proteus, klebisella)
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5
Q

T/F: First Generations can penetrate the CNS

A
  • Flase
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6
Q

First Generations are the drug of choice for…

A

Nothing

Cefazolin for surgical prophylaxis

Always second line

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7
Q

What is the difference between cephamycin and cephalosporins?

A
  • Structure wise
  • Cephamycins –> Oxygen
  • Cephalosporins –> Sulfur
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8
Q

What structure does cephalosporins have?

A
  • Beta-lactam ring
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9
Q

Oral Second Generation Cephalosporins

A
  • Cefuroxime axetil
  • Cefprozil
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10
Q

IM/IV Second Generation Cephalosporin

A
  • Cefuroxime
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11
Q

Second Generation Cephamycin

A
  • Cefoxitin
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12
Q

Second Generation Cephalosporins are active against….

A
  • Gram Positive Cocci (Not enterococci or MRSA)
  • Some gram negative bacilli (E. coli, proteus, klebisella)
  • More coverage of gnb, but not pseudomonas aeurginosa
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13
Q

Cephamycins are used in….

A

used in mixed aerobic/anaerobic infections

–> in the gut –> ruptured appendix –> also seen in diabetic foot infections

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14
Q

Third Generation Cephalosporins

A
  • Ceftotaxtime
  • Ceftriaxone
  • Ceftazidime
  • Cefiixime
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15
Q

Cefoxatime and Ceftriaxone covers…

A
  • Gram negative cocci, but do not cover Pseudomonas aeuroginosa
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16
Q

Ceftazidime Spectrum

A
  • Covers/reserved for pseudomonas aeuroginosa
  • Lose alot of gram positive activity
17
Q

IV/IM Route of Admin 3rd Gen Cephalosporin

A

Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone and Cetazidine

18
Q

Oral Agent 3rd Gen Cephalosporin

A
  • Cefixime
19
Q

3rd Generation Cephalosporin Spectrum of Activity

A

Decreased activity against gpc except Strep. pneumoniae
Enhanced activity against gnb

20
Q

In regards to absorption, what is the difference between 1stt, 2nd and 3rd gen cephalosporins?

A

Ability to penetrate the CNS (1st and 2nd don’t, but 3rd do)

21
Q

Fourth Generation Cephalosporins

A
  • Cefepime
  • Ceftaroline
  • Ceftobiprole
22
Q

Cefepime Spectrum, Use

A

Enhanced activity against Enterobacter and Citrobacter; active against Ps. Aeruginosa –> use always reserved in hospital  special permission to use

23
Q

Ceftaroline and Ceftobiprole Spectrum

A

activity against MRSA, ampicillin sensitive E. faecalis and penicillin resistant S. pneumoniae

24
Q

Fourth Gen Cephalosporin Spectrum

A
  • Broad spectrum
25
Q

Adverse effects of cephalosporins

A

Hypersensitivity
Diarrhea
Skin rash
Other- fever, granulocytopenia, hemolytic anemia
Biliary pseudolithiasis - ceftriaxone

26
Q

Cephalosporin Elimination

A
  • Eliminated through the biliary system
27
Q

Carbapenems are related to….

A
  • Beta-lactams
28
Q

Carbapenems Example

A

Imipenem-cillastatin

Meropenem

Ertapenem

I am ME

29
Q

Can imipenem be used alone?

A

Imipenem is never given alone –> always given with cilistan
Cilistatin is not anti-biotic

30
Q

Imipenem and Meorpenem have… activity.. that covers

A

Similar

gram positive, gram negative, including Pseudomonas, and anaerobic organisms

31
Q

Ertapenem Dose and Activity

A

Ertapenem – long half-life (once daily); poor activity against Enterococcus sp and P. aeruginosa

32
Q

Monobactam Structure, Resistance, Example and Spectrum

A

Monocyclic beta-lactam ring
Resistant to many beta-lactamases
Aztreonam – not available in Canada
Active against gnb including Ps. Aeruginosa

Infectious Disease Therapeutics (17 decks)

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