Central Nervous System Test Flashcards
4 main divisions of the brain?
Cerebrum
Diencephalon
cerebellum
Brain stem
What’s the largest part of the brain and how is it divided?
Cerebrum: left and right hemispheres
Another name for the cerebrum
Cerebral cortex
What is the cerebrum responsible for?
Memory, auditory sounds, emotions, sensory touch, planning
What are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum?
Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
Reasoning, planning, emotions, speech, primary motor skills
What is the parietal lobe responsible for?
Sensory touch (pain, temperature,size)
What is the temporal lobe responsible for?
Auditory sounds, smell
What is the occipital lobe responsible for?
Visual processing
What 2 structures does the diencephalic include and what are their functions?
Thalamus: motor control, sensory, sleep/wake cycle
Hypothalamus: homeostasis/ regulates hunger
What does CNS stand for? What does it include?
Central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord
3 parts of the brainstem and their responsibilities
midbrain: vision and hearing
pons: bridge, helps the cerebellum talk to the rest of the NS
medulla oblongata: vital functions; heartbeat, respiration
what structure is right below the medulla oblongata?
spinal cord
what structure of the brainstem means “bridge” in spanish and what does it connect?
pons: connects creebellum to NS
what part of the brain controls balance and coordination and plays a part in muscle tone?
cerebellum
whats the space that divides the left and right hemisphere?
longitudinal fissure
space that divided the cerebellum front he cerebrum?
transverse fissure
what are the shallow grooves of the cerebrum called?
sulcus
the bumpy parts of the cerebrum?
gyrus
where in the brain is Broca’s area found and what is it responsible for?
frontal hemisphere, the formation of speech
what is a Broca’s Aphasia and what are the symptoms?
a stroke, effect your words and formation of speech
what is happening during a stroke?
lose abilities to smile, say simple sentences, do simple tasks
what can you do to prevent a stroke?
eat healthy, exercise, maintain ideal body weight
what is the most common type of stroke? and what happens during this type of stroke?
TIA: transient ischemic attack - blood clots block blood flow to the brain
what are the three layers of the meninges and describe them.
duramatter: outtermost, toughest, itself has two layers, means hard Mother in Latin
arachnoid: spider like appearance, where the CSF circulates, no blood vessels
pia matter: the inner most layer, follows the contours and grooves of the brain and spinal cord. very delicate, soft, tender, has blood vessels
What does CSF stand for and where does it circulate?
cerebrospinal fluid, in the brain and spinal cord
what is the importance of CSF?
it protects the brain
what is meningitis and what are its symptoms?
meningitis occurs from the inflammation of the meninges
rash is a big sign, flu like symptoms
what does acute mean?
comes on quickly and severe
what is encephalitis and what are the symptoms?
inflammation of the brain, flu like symptoms, no rash
what is encephalitis caused by?
by bacteria, repeated trauma
what fluid is inside the ventricles?
CSF
what is hydrocephalus and what are the symptoms?
water in in brain, excess CSF, blurred/double vision
what is the corpus callosum and what does it do?
it connects the left and right sides of the brain
characteristics of a right brain dominant person?
creative, poetry, passionate, controls left side of the brain
characteristics of the left dominant brain people?
science, facts, logic
what does TBI stand for?
traumatic brain injury
most common form of TBI?
concussions
what is the difference between open and closed brain injury?
open: cracked skull, blood
closed: concussion, not visual from outside, no blood
what are some symptoms of concussions?
dizziness, nausea, blackouts, headaches
is your brain swollen if you have a concussion?
nah bish
what can happen if you have a concussion and then hit your head again?
gets worse, sometimes can die
what is the hippocampus responsible for?
memory
what hemisphere is the hippocampus found in?
both left and right
what is anterograde amnesia?
can’t make new memories
what is retrograde amnesia?
can’t remember past memories
how many items can you store in your short term memory?
7 things for 20-30 seconds
what can affect memory?
concussions, TBI’s
what are some ways to improve memory?
memory games, brain games, exercise, crosswords
what does the amygdala allow us to do?
emotions
