Central Nervous System Drugs

Question 1

Lorazepam (Ativan), which has been prescribed for the patient for a year, has caused dependence. Which tactic ought to be used to lessen the possibility of uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms?

Answer 1

Reduce the dose by 0.5 mg every week for the first few weeks, then by 0.25 mg for the last few.

Question 2

What phenobarbital result points to a therapeutic range?

Answer 2

20 mcg/mL

Question 3

When compared to other antiepileptic medications, which pharmacokinetics are specific to levetiracetam?

Answer 3

It is not bound, hydrolyzed, and does not utilize CYP450 enzymes in its metabolism.

Question 4

How neurotransmitter is involved in the antiepileptic perampanel mode of action?

Answer 4

Glutamate Perampanel reduces both the release of glutamate and neuronal excitation, similar to lamotrigine

Question 5

Which antidepressant has no chance of causing serotonin syndrome?

Answer 5

Bupropion (Wellbutrin)

Question 6

Which mechanism accounts for the emergence of EPSs while taking conventional antipsychotics?

Answer 6

The excessive blocking of dopamine-2

Question 7

Which neurotransmitter is lacking in Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 7

Dopamine

Question 8

What drugs should be used as a first line of treatment for Parkinson’s disease in its mild to moderate stages?

Answer 8

Bromocriptine, pergolide, pramipexole, or ropinirole

Question 9

Which post-marketing side effect of levetiracetam can be reversed if the medication is stopped?

Answer 9

Alopecia

Question 10

Lithium is given to a bipolar disorder patient. What medical issue could elevate the patient’s level of lithium and make them toxic?

Answer 10

Gastroenteritis Vomiting due to gastroenteritis can cause dehydration, which has a risk for lithium toxicity.

Question 11

For a patient experiencing partial seizures, the APN is taking antiepileptic medication into consideration. If the patient has a known anaphylactic reaction to which medication, prescribing zonisamide will be avoided?

Answer 11

Chemically speaking, zonisamide and bactrim are both sulfa medicines. Patients having a history of hypersensitivity shouldn’t receive sulfonamides.

Question 12

Which anti-epileptic drug should a 24-year-old patient avoid if they have a history of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and a reduced QT interval?

Answer 12

rufinamide

Question 13

What kind of medication is used to treat bipolar disorders, which manifest as mania and depression?

Answer 13

Mood stabilizers

Question 14

Compared to more recent antidepressants, which danger is the largest with tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)?

Answer 14

High-risk suicidal individuals’ exposure to the risk of lethal overdose.

Question 15

What medications enhance levodopa’s advantageous effects?

Answer 15

Carbidopa and entacapone

Question 16

How can carbidopa and entacapone boost levodopa’s positive effects?

Answer 16

Inhibits peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa.

Question 17

How does ropinirole boost levodopa’s positive effects?

Answer 17

Stimulate dopamine receptors directly, and thereby add to the effects of dopamine derived from levodopa.

Question 18

Absence seizures are not responsive to ____, while partial and tonic-clonic seizures are.

Answer 18

Phenytoin

Question 19

Tonic-clonic seizures and partial seizures are both combated by .

Answer 19

Carbamazepine

Question 20

Phenobarbital can control seizures without leading to broad CNS depression, in contrast to other barbiturates.

Answer 20

Phenobarbital