Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHYSIOLOGY > Central Nervous System 1 > Flashcards

Central Nervous System 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Structure and Function of Cnetral Nervous System

A

Consists of:

  • spinal cord
  • brain

Function is to PROCESS and COORDINATE:

  • sensory data
  • motor commands
  • higher functions of the brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What actions does the spinal cord facilitate?

A
  • passage of sensory information to the brain
  • passage of motor information to the brain
  • integrates information and controls spinal reflexes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Spinal Cord: Anatomy

A

-central canal (cerebrospinal fluid flows through)
-dorsal root ganglia
cell bodies of sensory neurone
-dorsal roots
axons of sensory neurone
-ventral roots
axons of motor neurons

when roots are damaged, the passage of sensory and motor information can be affected
eg. ruptured disk squishing ventral roots may stop person from being able to move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Spinal cord: gray matter

A
  • integrates and initiates commands
  • shapes like letter H or butterfly
    • cell bodies of neurons
    • neuroglia
    • unmyelinated axons
  • nuclei - functional grouping of cell bodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Spinal cord: white matter

A
  • forms tracts which carry information into and out of the CNS
    • ascending axons carry information to the brain
    • descending axons carry information away from the brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Spinal Nerves

A
  • each side of the spine dorsal and ventral roots join and form a spinal nerve
  • spinal nerves are mixed nerves as they contain both afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) fibres
  • each spinal nerve is surrounded by 3 layers of connective tissue
    • epineurium
    • perineurium
    • endoneurium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

For a brain to perform all the functions that it must do, it must

A
  • detect and locate the great variety of stimulus types, sources, and happenings in the environment
  • make sense of all these sensory events
  • respond to all these features by expressing an elaborate behavioural repertoire
  • make judgements, learn, and think about all these things
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

***know regions and their functions

Major Brain regions

A 
Cerebrum 
Cerebellum 
Diencephalon 
  -thalamus
  -hypothalamus 
  -pineal gland 
  -pituitary gland 
Brain Stem 
  -menencephalon 
  -pons 
  -medulla oblongata
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Functions of Cerebrum

A
  • largest part of the brain
  • controls all conscious thoughts and intellectual functions
  • processes somatic sensory and motor information
  • key in processing our general senses: touch, pressure, pain
  • conscious thought processes, intellectual functions
  • memory storage and processing
  • conscious and subconscious regulation of skeletal muscle contractions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Functions of Diencephalon

A

Relay and processing centers for sensory and motor information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Functions of Hypothalamus

A

centres controlling emotions, autonomic functions and hormone production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Functions of Mesencphalon (midbrain)

A

-processes visual and hearing information
superior colliculi - eye tracking
inferior colliculi - hearing
-processing of visual and auditory data
-generation of reflexive somatic motor responses
-maintenance of consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Functions of Pons

A

-controls breathing
Pneumotaxic area - inhibits inspiration
Apneustic area - stimulates inspiration
-relays sensory information to cerebellum and thalamus
-subconscious somatic and visceral motor centers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Functions of Medulla Oblongata

A
  • cardiovascular centre
  • respiratory rhythmicity centres
  • relays sensory information to thalamus and other portions of the brain stem
  • autonomic centres for regulation of visceral function (cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive system activities)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Functions of Cerebellum

A
  • “cauliflower” appearance
  • coordinates contraction of skeletal muscles
  • monitors proprioceptive information
  • may also serve cognitive function
  • coordinates complex somatic motor patterns
  • adjusts output of other somatic motor centres in brain and spinal cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Diencephalon: Thalamus

A
  • filters ascending sensory information to the cerebral cortex
  • relays information from cerebellum to the cerebral cortex
  • crude recognition of
    • pain
    • temperature
    • pressure
17
Q

Diencephalon: Hypothalamus

A
  • major regulator of homeostasis
  • subconscious control of skeletal muscle
  • controls autonomic function
  • coordinates nervous and endocrine systems
  • regulates body temperature
  • circadian rhythms
  • emotions and behaviour
18
Q

Limbic System

A

Functional Grouping

  • establishes emotional states
  • links subconscious functions of cerebral cortex with autonomic functions of brain stem
  • facilitates memory storage and retrieval
19
Q

Three functional principles of the Cerebrum

A
  • each cerebral hemisphere receives sensory information from, and sends motor commands to, the opposite side of the body
  • the two hemispheres have different functions, although their structures are alike
  • correspondence between a specific function and a specific region of cerebral cortex is not precise
20
Q

Cranial Nerves and Four Classifications

A

12 pairs connected to the brain

  1. Sensory nerves: carry somatic sensory information, including touch, pressure, vibration, temperature and pain
  2. Special sensory nerves: carry sensations such as smell, sight, hearing, balance e.g.. optic nerve
  3. Motor nerves: axons of somatic motor neurons
  4. Mixed nerves: mixture of motor and sensory fibres
21
Q

Spinal cord protection and support

A

Bones of vertebral Column
Meninges (3 layers)
Cerebrospinal fluid

22
Q

Brain physical and biochemical protection

A

Physical protection:

  • Cranial bones
  • Cranial meninges
  • Cerebrospinal fluid

Biochemical protection:
-blood-brain barrier (tight grouping of endothelial cells)

23
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid and Functions

A
  • surrounds all exposed surfaces of CNS
  • interchanges with interstitial fluid of brain

Functions:

  • cushions delicate neural structures (as move head, brain bounces on cranial bones)
  • supports brain
  • transports nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste products
24
Q

Blood supply to the brain

A
  • supplies nutrients and oxygen to the brain
  • delivered by internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries
  • removed from dural sinuses by internal jugular veins
25
Q

Clinical Note: Cerebrovascular Disease

A
  • disorders interfere with blood circulation to the brain
  • Stroke or Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
  • shuts off blood to portion of brain, neurone die
26
Q

Blood-Brain Barrier

A
  • isolates neural tissue from general circulation
  • endothelial cells that line cps capillaries are extensively interconnected by tight junctions
  • selectively isolates the brain from chemicals that might disrupt neural function
    • lipid soluble molecules can diffuse across
    • water and ions pass through channels

PHYSIOLOGY (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions