Central Dogma of Molecular Biology Flashcards
What is a nucleoside?
A complex of a sugar and a base
Nucleosides are fundamental components of nucleotides, which make up DNA and RNA.
What sugar is present in DNA?
Deoxyribose
Deoxyribose is a five-carbon sugar that is a part of the DNA structure.
What are the monomers of DNA?
Nucleotides
Nucleotides consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
How are nucleotides in DNA named?
After the nitrogenous base they have
Examples include Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, and Guanine.
What is the directionality of a DNA polynucleotide chain?
5’ to 3’ direction
This directionality is crucial for DNA replication and transcription.
What is the structural arrangement of DNA?
Two strands of polynucleotide chains
These strands are held together by complementary base pairing.
What does it mean for DNA strands to be antiparallel?
One strand runs 5’ to 3’ and the other runs 3’ to 5’
This orientation is essential for the base pairing and replication processes.
Who performed X-ray crystallography to analyze the structure of DNA?
Rosalind Franklin & Maurice Wilkins
Their work provided critical insights into the helical structure of DNA.
What did the results of the X-ray crystallography show about DNA?
DNA is repetitive and regular
This finding contributed to the understanding of DNA’s helical structure.
He isolated the material “nuclein” when studying pus cells from surgical bandages
Friedrich Miescher
DNA STANDS FOR?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
RNA?
Ribonucleic Acid
FOUR ROLES OF DNA MOLECULES
Primary genetic Material
Storage of Genetic Info
Can be replicated and inherited during reproduction of cells
Provide Avenues for Mutation to enhance genetic diversity
Subunits of nucleic acid
Nucleotides
Components of nucleotides
Nitrogenous bases
Pentose sugar
Phosphate sugar
2 types of chemical bonds
Glycosidic bond
Phosphoester Bond
