Central Dogma Flashcards
Describe the components of DNA.
Phosphate and Deoxyribose
Describe the components of RNA.
Ribose and 2-prime carbon position
What are the differences between the structure and components of DNA and RNA?
Double stranded vs. single stranded
Deoxyribose vs. Ribose
Thymine vs. Uracil
What are the 4 bases in DNA?
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
Guanine
What are the 4 bases in RNA?
Urasil
Cytosine
Adenine
Guanine
What is meant by the phrase “complementary base pairing” as it applies to DNA? Which bases pair together? How many bonds join each pair? What type of bond joins complementary bases?
Pairing between 2 strands of nucleotides allowing for a constant helix width.
2 hydrogen bonds with T and A
3 hydrogen bonds with G and C
Define protein.
Strings of amino acids
Define amino acid.
Building blocks of proteins
Define codon.
3 bases of mRNA make up a codon
Define anticodon.
Binds to the codons on mRNA
Define peptide bond.
Bond between 2 amino acids
Define hydrogen bond.
The weak attraction between amino acids
Define phosphodiester bond.
Joins the nucleotides together in transcription
Define central dogma.
Semi-conservative process of DNA to proteins
Define purine.
G and A
Define pyrimidine.
T and C
Define transcription.
From DNA to mRNA
Define translation.
From mRNA to protein
Define antiparallel.
RNA is complimentary and antiparallel to the template strand of DNA
What is meant by the phrase “semi-conservative replication”?
Because each double helix contains 1 old and 1 new strand
How many bases make up a codon? On what type of RNA are codons found?
3
mRNA
Be able to use a coding dictionary to determine the sequence of a protein from a given mRNA sequence. You need to be able to recognize the start codon. The stop codons are indicated on the coding dictionary.
a
Which codon is the start codon?
AUG
What is meant by the phrase “The genetic code is a degenerate code”?
More than 1 codon can code for the same amino acid
Know the processes in the Central Dogma of Genetics (Replication, Transcription, Translation)
a
Remember that RNA is complementary and antiparallel to the template strand of DNA.
a
Where does transcription occur?
Nucleus
Where does translation occur?
Cytoplasm
What type of bonds joins amino acids together to form a protein?
Peptide bond
What do the letters t, r, and m stand for in tRNA, rRNA and mRNA and what is the purpose of each type of RNA?
Transfer RNA
Messenger RNA
Ribosomal RNA
