Central Dogma

Question 1

What is the Central Dogma?

Answer 1

DNA –> RNA—> Protein

Question 2

RNA encodes the primary structure of what?

Answer 2

A polypetide

Question 3

RNA is translated by what?

Answer 3

By ribosomes to Protein

Question 4

RNA is transcribed from what?

Answer 4

Gene within DNA

Question 5

DNA to be transcribed is exposed following what?

Answer 5

Transcription factor binding and histone acetylation

Question 6

Proteomics

Answer 6

Describes the expanding field of protein biochemistry, advanced technologies and high speed computers are used to perform large scale studies on a diverse array of proteins

Question 7

Proteome

Answer 7

The entire inventory of proteins that is produced by an organism and all of the proteins that are present in a specific tissue, cell or cellular organelle

Question 8

Each protein has

Answer 8

Unique chemical properties and handling requirements

Question 9

What is the key technology in proteomics?

Answer 9

Mass spectrometry

Question 10

Mass Spectrometry

Answer 10

A method to probe the chemical structure of an unknown sample

Question 11

Mass Spectrometry separates ions according to their

Answer 11

Mass Charge ratio

Question 12

Proteomic studies are useful to see

Answer 12

When two different samples are compared to see how the protein composition changes over time

Question 13

Proteomics can reveal important what for diseases?

Answer 13

Biomarkers for diseases

Question 14

RNA interface

Answer 14

A cellular process by which cells produce small RNAs called siRNAs that bind to specific mRNAs and inhibit the translation of these mRNAs into protein

Question 15

SiRNAs

Answer 15

Are capable of inhibiting the translation of virtually any mRNA that is produced by a genome

Question 16

RNAi can be used to

Answer 16

Test the function of individual genes or a set of genes

Question 17

CRISPR pathway

Answer 17

Similar to RNAi in the sense that a researcher provides an RNA template to target a gene of interest however the RNA sequence information is used to target the gene itself within the DNA genome rather than attacking the RNA transcripts

Question 18

Interactnomics

Answer 18

The study of protein-protein interactions

Question 19

Tap-tag mass spectrometry

Answer 19

DNA from a gene of interest is fused to DNA encoding a protein tag called a TAP tag that is easily purified using affinity chromatography methods, the tagged gene is expressed in the cell, the cell is then broken open and the Tap-tagged protein is purified carrying any interacting proteins along with it, then the tagged protein is recognized during mass spectrometry.

Question 20

The interactome of a cell is

Answer 20

the complete set of interactions

Question 21

The results of large-scale protein-protein interaction studies can be presented in the form of a

Answer 21

network

Question 22

Hub-proteins

Answer 22

Proteins that the organism can not live without

Question 23

One way to determine a protein function is to

Answer 23

Identify the protein from which it originates

Question 24

Large-scale protein interaction studies provide

Answer 24

the starting point for inferring the function of unknown genes based on their possible interaction partners

Question 25

HA protein is used by a virus to

Answer 25

gain entry into the human cell so in theory, the inhibition of HA could prevent viral infections

Question 26

Site-directed mutagenesis

Answer 26

A research technique to modify a gene in a predetermined way so as to produce a protein with a specifically altered amino acid sequence. Can be used to modify the structurally of previously clinically useful proteins to bring about various physiological effects

Question 27

Trypsin digestion protocol

Answer 27

Dissolves proteins in a buffer, adding trypsin and incubating

Question 28

Tyrosine Kinases

Answer 28

Catalyze a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to specific tyrosine residues within a target protein an event that may activate or inhibit the target protein